1. Government

2. How governments determine citizen participation
(role in government/power):
AUTOCRACY
OLIGARCHY
DEMOCRACY

3. Citizen Participation
Different governments decide a citizens’ role in government differently
The government can share none, little, or most of its power with its citizens

4. Citizen’s Role (Power)
MANY RIGHTS
Voting
Freedom of speech
Freedom of religion
Freedom of the press
NO RIGHTS
Citizen’s Role (Power)

5. 3 main ways governments determine citizen participation . . .
autocratic
oligarchic
democratic

6. rule by all OLIGARCHIC AUTOCRATIC rule by one
DEMOCRATIC
rule by all
OLIGARCHIC
rule by the few
AUTOCRATIC
rule by one
Democracy:
Oligarchy:
Autocracy:

7. Autocratic Rule by One: One person has unlimited power
The citizen has almost no role in the government
Ruler is a monarch (ex. King, Queen, Emperor) or dictator

8. Oligarchy
Rule by a Few (group): A small group has control
The citizen has a very limited role

9. WARNING! Autocracy & Oligarchy
Sometimes claim to rule for the people.
In reality, the people have very little say in both types of government.
Example - may hold elections with only one candidate or fake the election results
Example - even when these governments have a legislature (branch that makes laws), they often only approve decisions made by the leaders.
Remy, Richard C., United States Government- Democracy in Action (Columbus, OH: Glencoe, McGraw-Hill, 2006) 9

10. Democracy
Rule by All: Citizens vote on government representatives & on specific issues
People have the most power
Ruler is usually a president or prime minister

11. Now that you know the definitions, look at these three pictures.
Decide which government each picture matches.
Cut them out, glue them down next to the correct government.

12. rule by one OLIGARCHIC DEMOCRATIC rule by all
AUTOCRATC
rule by one
OLIGARCHIC
rule by the few
DEMOCRATIC
rule by all

13. Government
Positive
Negative
Autocracy
Oligarchy
Democracy

14. Balloon Demonstration

15. Balloon Demonstration
You (sticky note)= CITIZEN
Balloon = POWER
Bag holder = RULER
Be thinking . . .
What kind of government are we representing with our actions?

16. Balloon Demonstration
Government #1 – Everyone giving up a balloon to ONE ruler
Government #2 – Everyone giving up a balloon to a small GROUP of rulers
Government #3 - Everyone holding a balloon

17. Warm-up for
1.) Autocracy, Oligarchy, and Democracy are three different types of governments that have to do with how ___________ participate in government
2.) Autocracy – rule by ______
Oligarchy – rule by _____
Democracy – rule by _____

18. ANSWERS
1.) Autocracy, Oligarchy, and Democracy are three different types of governments that have to do with how citizens participate in government
2.) Autocracy – rule by ONE
Oligarchy – rule by FEW
Democracy – rule by ALL

19. Citizen’s Role (Power)
Voting
Freedom of speech
Freedom of religion
Freedom of the press
NO RIGHTS
Citizen’s Role (Power)
Autocratic
(one)
Oligarchic
(few)
Democratic
(all)

20. Real World Examples
Please take out a blank sheet of paper and rip it into 3 equally-sized pieces
Think of one example from your own life for EACH type of government (autocracy, oligarchy, democracy)
Write 1 example per slip of paper
DO NOT write the type of government (autocracy, oligarchy, democracy) b/c your classmates will be guessing this
Staple the 3 slips of paper together.
Staple them in a RANDOM ORDER.

21. Citizen’s Role (Power)
Voting
Freedom of speech
Freedom of religion
Freedom of the press
NO RIGHTS
Citizen’s Role (Power)
Autocratic
(one)
Oligarchic
(few)
Democratic
(all)
Dictatorship
Republic
Theocracy
Constitutional Monarchy
Absolute Monarchy
Communism

22. Citizen’s Role (Power)
Voting
Freedom of speech
Freedom of religion
Freedom of the press
NO RIGHTS
Citizen’s Role (Power)
Autocratic
(one)
Absolute Monarchy
Dictatorship

23. Examples of Autocratic Gov’ts
Dictatorships
Citizens unwillingly follow the ideas of a single leader
The government controls all parts of citizens’ lives through military force or threats
Citizens don’t have the power to change their ruler
Examples- Hitler (Germany), Mussolini (Italy), Stalin (Russia), Hussein (Iraq)
Remy, Richard C., United States Government- Democracy in Action (Columbus, OH: Glencoe, McGraw-Hill, 2006) 23

24. Examples of Autocratic Gov’ts
Absolute Monarchy
King, queen, or emperor has unlimited power
Position is usually inherited (from parents or other relatives)
People don’t have the power to limit their rulers
Absolute monarchs are rare today but from the 1400s to the 1700s they ruled most of Western Europe
Example – Saudi Arabia
Remy, Richard C., United States Government- Democracy in Action (Columbus, OH: Glencoe, McGraw-Hill, 2006) 24

25. Citizen’s Role (Power)
Voting
Freedom of speech
Freedom of religion
Freedom of the press
NO RIGHTS
Citizen’s Role (Power)
Oligarchic
(few)
Theocracy
Communism

26. Examples of Oligarchy Theocracy
Citizens may only elect leaders from a group of religious experts.
Leaders claim to rule on the behalf of god.
Elected religious experts make god’s laws into government laws
EX: IRAN
CIA World Factbook Notes and Definitions 26

27. Examples of Oligarchy Communism
Citizens may only elect leaders from the Communist party
The communist political group holds all the power in the government
The communist government plans and controls the economy too
EX: CHINA
CIA World Factbook Notes and Definitions 27

28. Examples of Oligarchy Communism
a single political party holds power
state controls are forced
NO private ownership of property
All goods are to be equally shared by the people (ex. classless society)
CIA World Factbook Notes and Definitions 28

29. Communism: The Beginning
Began as a revolution to overthrow the rich and give poor workers more wealth and freedom
END GOAL: an EQUAL society with no economic classes (EX. NO upper class, middle class, lower classes)

30. Communism: The Symbol Sickle & the Hammer
Two tools are symbols of the industrial workers and the farmers
Placing them together symbolizes the unity between industrial and agricultural workers

31. Vladimir Lenin SOVIET UNION
Mao Zedong
CHINA
Fidel Castro
CUBA
Karl Marx
FOUNDER
Joseph Stalin
SOVIET UNION
Vladimir Lenin
SOVIET UNION

32. Citizen’s Role (Power)
Voting
Freedom of speech
Freedom of religion
Freedom of the press
NO RIGHTS
Citizen’s Role (Power)
Democratic
(all)
Constitutional Monarchy
Republic

33. Examples of Democratic Gov’t
Republic
Citizens elect representatives from any group to rule and make laws for them
Citizens can vote out their leaders if they don’t like the way they are governing

34. Examples of Democratic Gov’t
Constitutional Monarchy
Monarch (King/Queen/Emperor) must follow the laws of the constitution and usually has no government power
Citizens elect representatives from any group to rule and make laws for them
Citizens can vote out their leaders if they don’t like how they are governing
CIA World Factbook Notes and Definitions 34

35. Warm-up for
Give 2 examples of each type of government: autocracy, oligarchy, and democracy

36. Citizen’s Role (Power)
Voting
Freedom of speech
Freedom of religion
Freedom of the press
NO RIGHTS
Citizen’s Role (Power)
Autocratic
(one)
Oligarchic
(few)
Democratic
(all)
Dictatorship
Republic
Theocracy
Constitutional Monarchy
Absolute Monarchy
Communism

37. FIGURE HEAD
The purpose of the figurehead was often to indicate the name of the ship or to demonstrate the wealth and might of the owner.

38. Examples of Democratic Gov’t
Constitutional Monarchy
Monarch → inherits title → has no real power (figure-head)
Prime Minister/President → elected by citizens → holds the real government power
CIA World Factbook Notes and Definitions 38

39. How leaders get power . . . You are receiving six pictures.
Each box illustrates how the leaders in each gov’t (dictatorship, republic, theocracy, etc.) get their power.
Figure out which illustration goes with each gov’t example and glue it down under the explanation.

40. & inheritance (figure-head) Constitutional Monarchy
Leader gets power through military force
Dictatorship
Absolute Monarchy
Leader gets power through relatives (inheritance)
Leader gets power through religious group
Theocracy
Leader gets power through political party
Communism
Republic
Leader gets power through citizen elections
Leader gets power through election (true power)
& inheritance (figure-head)
Constitutional Monarchy

41. Citizen’s Role (Power)
Voting
Freedom of speech
Freedom of religion
Freedom of the press
NO RIGHTS
Citizen’s Role (Power)
Autocratic
(one)
Oligarchic
(few)
Democratic
(all)
Dictatorship
Republic
Theocracy
Constitutional Monarchy
Absolute Monarchy
Communism

42. Constitutional Monarchy
Democratic
(all)
Rule by All: Citizens vote on government representatives & on specific issues People have the most power
President
Constitutional Monarchy
Presidential
Parliament
Prime Minister
Republic
Parliamentary

43. 2 main forms of democratic governments . . .
Presidential
Parliamentary
Each elects their government leaders differently

44. Branches of Government
EXAMPLES
President or Prime Minister
Vice President
Cabinets/Agencies - Departments of Agriculture, Defense, Education, Health, Homeland Security, Transportation, etc.
Enforces Laws - makes sure laws are carried out
Interprets laws – settles arguments about laws
Makes laws
EXAMPLES
Congress (Senate & House of Representatives)
Parliament
EXAMPLES
Supreme Court
District courts & juries

45. Separation of Powers
In 1787, the founding fathers wrote the Constitution, the document which establishes the basic principles of the American government.
The Constitution calls for a separation of powers that divides the powers and duties of the government between three separate branches of government.

46. Balance of Power
Each branch has its own responsibilities and at the same time the branches work together to make the country run smoothly and to assure that the rights of citizens are not ignored or disallowed.
This is done through checks and balances. A branch may use its powers to check the powers of the other two in order to maintain a balance of power among the three branches of government.

50. Presidential Democracy Citizens vote for EVERY branch of gov’t

51. Parliamentary Democracy Citizens DO NOT vote for Executive Branch
Prime Minister
Parliament

52. Presidential Democracy (definition)
Executive branch is independent from the legislature
Head of the executive branch (president) elected by citizens, not the legislature

53. Presidential Democracy (characteristics)
Different branches of government (executive, legislative, judicial) are equal in power
Leader is called a president
EXAMPLE U.S.A., Mexico, Brazil
Remy, Richard C., United States Government- Democracy in Action (Columbus, OH: Glencoe, McGraw-Hill, 2006) 53

54. Presidential Democracy Citizens vote for EVERY branch of gov’t

55. Parliamentary Democracy (definition)
executive branch is dependent on legislative branch (Parliament)
Head of executive branch (Prime Minister) elected by the legislature, not the citizens

56. Parliamentary Democracy (characteristics)
NO clear separation of powers between the executive and legislative branches
Legislature makes most decisions
Leader is called a prime minister
Remy, Richard C., United States Government- Democracy in Action (Columbus, OH: Glencoe, McGraw-Hill, 2006) 56

57. Parliamentary Democracy Citizens DO NOT vote for Executive Branch
Prime Minister
Parliament

58. Examples of Parliamentary Democracy
U.K., Canada, Germany, Australia

59. What do you know?
What is the main difference between a Presidential Democracy and a Parliamentary Democracy?
Presidential = executive branch (ex. President) is chosen by the citizens, not the legislature
Parliamentary = executive branch (ex. Prime Minister) is chosen by the legislature (parliament)
Which form of democracy do you think allows for more citizen participation? Why?
Presidential b/c citizens get to vote for all 3 branches of gov’t

60. AUTOCRATIC OLIGARCHIC DEMOCRATIC Rule by one Rule by the few
Rule by all/many
One person (ex. King, Emperor, Czar) possesses unlimited power
The citizen has limited, if any, role in government
Ruler gets power through inheritance or ruthless use of military & police power
Examples
Dictatorships- Hitler, Mussolini, Stalin, Sudan
Absolute Monarchy – King, queen, or emperor has unlimited power
Position is usually inherited (from parents or other relatives)
A small group exercises control, especially for corrupt and selfish purposes
The citizen has a very limited role
The ruling group gets its power from military power, wealth, religion or a combination.
Political disagreement is usually suppressed (sometimes violently)
Theocracy - a government run by religious authority
Communism - NO private ownership of property
Citizens vote on government representatives & on specific issues
People have the most power
Republic – the people elect representatives, not the people themselves, to govern and make laws
Constitutional Monarchy –monarch must follow the laws of the constitution
monarch is usually a figure-head, the real power rests with the legislature (Parliament/ Congress) who is elected by the citizens

61. Presidential Democracy Citizens vote for EVERY branch of gov’t

62. Parliamentary Democracy Citizens DO NOT vote for Executive Branch
Prime Minister
Parliament

63. DEMOCRACY Rule by All: Citizens vote on government representatives & on specific issues People have the most power
President
Constitutional
Monarchy
Presidential Democracy
Parliament
Prime Minister
Republic
Parliamentary Democracy