1. Deployed Forces Communications Military Application of PCS
Ladies and gentlemen!
My name is Ragnar Wik, and I work at NC3A as Principal Scientist in the Architecture Branch/Communication Systems Division.
The last years I have have been involved in development of a generic CIS architecture for deployed CIS in support of the Combined Joint task Force - CJTF.
The work and exercises have been concentrated on used of the ACE deployable Command and Control System - ADC2S. The findings of the project and the proposed way ahead have a scope far beyond this initial capability - namely to produce a CIS architecture for NATO deployed forces.
Based on the NC3A study and support of full scale CJTF HQ exercises with the NC3A ADC2S Communications Prototype, NATO have committed funds for implementation of the architecture presented here, for the ACE CIS Contingency Pool.
This presentation will concentrate on the overall concept rather than specific details or exercise participation. The transport network between CJTF locations will neither be treated in this presentation.
Applied CIS Technologies Branch
CIS Division
NATO Command, Control & Consultation Agency
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2. Introduction Background Military PCS Requirement and Roles
The Deployable TETRA System Testbed
PCS Study
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3. NC3A Divisional Organisation
CIS
Comms & IS Systems
Applied CIS Technology
CIS Security Technology
Core Information Systems Tech.
CIS Architecture and Networks
Transmission Technology and Systems
CCS
C2 Systems
C2 Concepts & Architecture
C2 Systems Design
C2 Technology
Sensors & Surveillance
Theatre Missile Defence Study Mgmt Team
ORFS
OR & Func. Services
Architectures & C3I Analyses
Studies, Analyses & OR Techniques
Defence Planning & Information Mgmt
Forces & Armaments
Analyses
Applications Development
Exercises, Design & Scenario Development
ACQ
Acquisition
Project Management
Cost Estimating and Analysis
System Acquisition
Contracting
Integrated Logistics Support
Quality Assurance
Facilities
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4. Communications and Information Systems Division DSO
Management Cell
Divisional
Admin support
DSO
(Div Staff officer)
CIS
Architecture and
Networks Branch
(CAN)
A5 (~18 people)
CIS architectures,
interoperability and network design
Applied
CIS Technology
Branch
(ACT)
A5 (~15 people)
Emerging communications
concepts and technologies
CIS
Security Technology Branch
(CST)
A5 (~12 people)
CIS security
and protection
techniques and
technologies
Core Information Systems
Technology Branch
(IST)
A5 (~18 people)
Core AIS tools, structures and
techniques
Transmission Technology and Systems Branch
(TTS)
A5 (~18 people)
Communications transmission
technology and
systems
CIS Architecture Concepts and Interoperability
Integration with Operational Architectures
Modelling and Optimisation
Requirements Capture and Performance Analysis
Enterprise management
Network design and Implementation
Portals (NIP)
Generic & Land/Naval/Air
Deployed Comms
Personal Comms Systems
Secure GSM, G3..
Private Mobile Radio
systems (TETRA)
Wireless LANs, DVB, DAB
Asymmetric Comms systems/techniques
Narrow Band applications
Compression technologies
Information Security
Transmission Security
Computer Security
Physical Security
Threats and Countermeasures
PKI
Information Operations
Network Security
Operating Systems and IS integration tools
Information Exchange techniques
Directories and Services
Data Base management
Enterprise management Tools
Geographic Information Systems technology
Satcom Technology and Systems
Radio Technology and Systems
Propagation and Antennas
Frequency and Spectrum Management
Terrestrial transmission technology
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5. Deployable Communications Military PCS - Focus Areas
End-End Secure GSM
Terrestrial Secure PMR/PAMR (TETRA, Tetrapol, …)
Space-based PCS (Iridium, Globalstar, Inmarsat, …)
PCS Study
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6. Why PCS? NATO role has changed Composition of forces has changed
Peacekeeping
Peace Support Operations
Crisis Response Operations
Composition of forces has changed
Increasingly multi-service, multi-national (Combined, Joint)
Military budgets have changed
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7. Why PCS?
“… The first requirement is for a secure cellular telephone that will operate throughout the EUCOM AOR. … Our frequent and rapid deployments throughout the theatre have shown a need for a small, secure, handheld cellular telephone similar in size, weight and design to the current commercial GSM handsets…” EUCOM J6, Feb 99
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8. PCS Features Attractive to Military
Wide area coverage (potentially world-wide)
High mobility: hand - held, vehicle/boat/aircraft-mounted
Ease of use
Cost (terminal cost low, but potentially high utilisation or infrastructure cost)
Rapid procurement (in times of crisis)
Multiple media, e. g. sat/terrestrial cellular/PAMR
Clearly satellite-based PCS are attractive for military use.
The military significance of some of these features is obvious, such as worldwide coverage and mobility.
A recent trend in military procurement is that there is less money available for complex, bespoke systems, but funding is made available in times of crisis. Consequently commercial solutions may be the only solution feasible for urgent requirements, particularly because commercial terminals are generally available quickly, are low-cost compared to military ones, and require minimal training.
The ability to use diverse media is a means of reducing usage cost, which is a concern, but also improves the probability of communication success.
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9. Potential Military Use of PCS
Crisis Response Operations
Policing/traffic control
Liaison (military unit/civilian organisation)
Reconnaissance
Liaison
Urban Patrols
Rural Patrols
Voice Command Net
Compound Security
Logistic Routes and Fleet Tracking
Military Intelligence and Other Special Forces
This list of potential use is not structured but nevertheless provides examples.
With recent events in the Balkans, Peace Support Operations are well known and commercial satellite systems are an obvious solution.
Examples where high-mobility is required are policing and reconnaissance.
Other examples are to provide coverage outside of the coverage provided by military satellites and to enhance capacity or to add diversity.
Prior to the set-up of deployable military systems, a rapid set-up communications media is required for engineering order wire use and subsequently as a back-up media.
Finally there are special purpose applications which are not supported by military systems and vehicle and container tracking is a good example.
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10. Potential Military Use of PCS (cont)
Capacity enhancement
Alternate means of communications
Engineering order wire/back-up
Special purpose, e. g. vehicle tracking
Thales Vector End-End Secure TETRA
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11. Deployable TETRA System Configuration
AVLS Gateway
MCCIS
Mobile with GPS
Access Router
Mobile Radio
COP, Web, App Servers
Base
Station and Switch
Handheld Voice Users
ISDN
Data Interface
HiCom
Digital PABX
COP, Web, , Clients
Portable Data Users
Command &
Control
System
System Management
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12. NC3A Deployable TETRA System JWID - Jun ‘01 Strong Resolve - Feb ‘02 Banja Luka - Apr ‘02 Combined Endeavor - May ‘02
System Mgt
Antenna Coupler
Transceivers
Dispatch Console
Base Station Controller
Switch
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13. Automated Vehicle Location System “AVLS”
Converts GPS Position, Speed and Direction in NMEA sentences received from TETRA over SDS to standard OTH Gold Messages
Sends Track messages to MCCIS or C2PC for display via network or serial interface
Modular design supports position input from multiple sources (GSM, HF, etc.)
Built on Linux for reliability
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14. Military PCS - Project Focus Areas
End-End Secure GSM
Terrestrial Secure PMR/PAMR (TETRA, Tetrapol, …)
Space-based PCS (Iridium, Globalstar, Inmarsat, …)
PCS Study
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15. Military PCS Study Overview
NATO Combined Joint Task Force deployment for Crisis Response Operation Scenario
Consider technologies within 5 years of commercial service
Preliminary study of all relevant technologies
More detailed study of representative available technologies
Concurrent limited Evaluations & Trials
Scope constrained to a small number of space-based and terrestrial systems representing inherently different approaches e.g. LEO vs. MEO vs. GEO satellite systems, GSM vs. TETRA
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16. PCS Study Methodology Derive PCS Comms Requirements
Flow from identified scenario and security architecture
Consider requirements for each phase of NATO deployment
Develop Evaluation Criteria
Mandatory & Optional/Desirable Capabilities & Services including Security
Identify candidate technologies which meet requirements from
Testbed experience
Specifications, standards
Vendor Web sites
National agencies & labs
Visits to/from industry
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17. Other PCS Activities
AHWG of national technical, security and requirements staffs to promote security & interoperability
Work with manufacturers and TETRA user community on End – End security standards
Feed military requirements in at an early stage of civil standards development
NC3A Military PCS Requirements Workshop
Discuss available solutions
Coordinate how NATO and nations can move forward together
Promote open standards and interoperability
NC3A working with manufacturers and users who are already developing standards for secure public safety services.
NC3A feeding in military requirements early and encouraging manufacturers to provide the capabilities.
Trying to converge complementary NATO and COTS standards. May use a NATO standard Narrow Band Voice Coder over a COTS standard secure data service.
Make NC3A experience and knowledge available to those who need it (in NATO and nationally).
Act as a focus for national work so military get larger weight and increased interoperability.
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18. Project DC PCS-Related Objectives
Longer Term
Promote the development of NATO security algorithms and profiles in co-operation with TETRA MoU, National Security Agencies and manufacturers
Evaluate evolving PCS technology including: GSM and future packet data service, authentication and air interface encryption, end-to-end security and multi-mode terminals
Influence standards development?
Current
Complete Study of PCS Technology for Military Communication Requirements
Evaluate and Demonstrate Selected Commercial PCS Technology
E - E Secure GSM
Digital PMR/PAMR (TETRA)
Integration of Military PCS into NATO Comms Architecture
Integrate TETRA testbed infrastructure into deployable communication modules – demonstrate on field exercises
Continue work with mfgs and user groups on E - E security
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