1. THE PROBLEM OF DEFINING A MULTILINGUAL REPERTOIRE Silvia Dal Negro (Free University Bolzano, Italy)

2. Silvia Dal Negro - Linee because students are multilingual? because several languages are spoken? because all share the same multilingual repertoire? Why multilingual?

3. Silvia Dal Negro - Linee the sum of the languages used by a speech community the hierarchy of these languages the distribution of domains What is a linguistic repertoire?

4. Silvia Dal Negro - Linee  a community of people sharing:  a social organization  territoriality  a set of languages  language use patterns  language attitudes  regular and frequent interac [Berruto, Ferguson, Kloss, Gumperz, Labov] What is a speech community?

5. Silvia Dal Negro - Linee Kinds of speech communities diglossic bilingual dilalicbidialectal diacrolettictriglossic (b)triglossic (a)

6. Silvia Dal Negro - Linee non territorial and diversified communities, typically migrants (Chini 2009); communities of practice instead of territorially-bound speech communities (Jenkins 2007); standard repertoires emerge empirically out of meaningful correlations between codes and domains of use (Dell’Aquila 2005); patterns of language use constitute speech communities (Vietti 2007); qualitative, ideological parameters contribute to the definition of a repertoire (Dal Negro / Iannaccaro 2003). Some recent issues

7. Silvia Dal Negro - Linee Parameters to define a linguistic repertoire  in-group/out-group  “ethnic”  local  “legitimate”  language/ dialect  glottonymes

8. Silvia Dal Negro - Linee SCHOOL SOCIAL NETWORK 1 SOCIAL NETWORK 2 NEIGHBOURHOOD

9. Silvia Dal Negro - Linee The school as a speech community it has a definite social organization it has a very clear territorial definition there are regular and frequent interactions among its members o is there a shared set of languages ? o are there shared language use patterns ? o are there shared language attitudes ? it has a definite social organization it has a very clear territorial definition there are regular and frequent interactions among its members o is there a shared set of languages ? o are there shared language use patterns ? o are there shared language attitudes ?

10. LINEE – WP8a  Project: In search of multi-competence: Exploring language use and language values among multilingual immigrant students in England, Italy and Austria.  Partners: Freie Universität Bozen: Gessica De Angelis, Enrica Cortinovis, Silvia Dal Negro University of Southampton: Ros Mitchell, Amanda Hilmarsson-Dunn, Elena Ioannidou Universität Wien: Marie-Luise Volgger  Research domains/methodologies: Subjects involved: students and teachers in a vocational school in Bolzano Multilingualism: both local and migrant (working class) Objects of study: language use, attitudes and awareness Kind of data: questionnaire survey (160 students)

11. Silvia Dal Negro - Linee Multilingualism as a shared experience differences between three European contexts England Austria Italy Italy is the only country in which multilingualism is not necessarily linked to (or caused by) migration

12. Silvia Dal Negro - Linee Several potential communities Country of birth Country of birth Mother tongue Mother tongue 16 students gave a dialect as their mothertongue referring to it with a specific name (Calabrese, Lombardo, etc.). vs. very low ratings of dialect in other (also traditional) contexts  DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVE IN A MULTILINGUAL CONTEXT 16 students gave a dialect as their mothertongue referring to it with a specific name (Calabrese, Lombardo, etc.). vs. very low ratings of dialect in other (also traditional) contexts  DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVE IN A MULTILINGUAL CONTEXT

13. Silvia Dal Negro - Linee A shared set of languages Pothuari Tamil Bulgarian German Dialetcs Dutch Danish Turkish Chinese Bangla Russian Portuguese Hindi Latin Punjab Urdu Italian English German Italian Dialects French Arabic Albanian Spanish Persian Macedonian Polish Kurdish Serbian Finnish Sinthi Sinhala Rumenian Ladin Südtirolerisch

14. Silvia Dal Negro - Linee Shared language use patterns teachers during breaksschool staff Italian100% Germ/SüT35%-- Other l.-- grand- parents father

15. Silvia Dal Negro - Linee Shared attitudes

16. Silvia Dal Negro - Linee Trying to sum up

17. Silvia Dal Negro - Linee  the WP8 team  the Bolzano team  all of you for listening! Lots of thanks to …