1. Human Memory Adapts to Patterns of Information Use and Why (maybe) LarKC Should Too Lael Schooler

2. Simple Heuristics Shaped by human abilities –Vision, Hearing, Attention, Memory,... Cognitive Processes –Frugal: use little information –Fast: do little integration Ecologically Rational –Bet on environmental structure Adaptive Toolbox –Selection of Strategies (reinforcment Learning) –Joerg Rieskamp A set of questions to ask

3. Take Home Message Patterns of information use looks similar across domains –Language Speech to children New York Times Headlines –Social Contact Email Face to face We are likely to find similar patterns of information use in our case studies –Driving Behavior –Document access ACT-R’s Memory model (Activation Equations) learn to reflect these patterns of information use One flavor of Activation in LarKC’s retrieval experiments in WP 2 will take this approach –Can they scale? –Simpler better?

4. ACT-R Adaptive Control of T hought R ational An Integrated Theory of Cognition Anderson and colleagues (1973-present) –A couple hundred papers My home town (CMU) A framework to develop heuristics A source of core capacities Easily implement take-the-best, etc Ecologically Rational

5. Subsymbolic local connectionist Selection & Retrieval

6. Production Memory

7. Procedural Memory Modeled with Productions

8. Declarative Memory Reno Activation: 0.5 Chicago Activation: 2 New York Activation: 3 1 + 1 = 2 Activation: 2.6

9. Rational analysis of memory Retrieve relevant information For each item in memory, make a Bayesian estimate of the probability that it will be useful in the present context. Automatic Basically Google + sensitivity to time Anderson (1990) Anderson & Schooler (1991, 2000) Schooler & Anderson (1997)

10. Rational Analysis of Memory and Functional Forgetting

11. Effects of Retention Interval on Memory Performance

12. Environmental Analysis Study informational demands of the environment –Match between memory and environment Do diverse domains share statistical structure? –language Speech to children New York Times headlines –social contacts Distribution of email authors Anderson & Schooler (1991, 2000) Schooler & Anderson (1997)

16. Combined Effects of Recency & Context Speech New York Times

17. Combined Effects of Frequency & Recency

18. Human Social Contact Thorsten Pachur –University of Basel 10 participants 100 Day Diary Study Social contact was defined –as all face-to-face or phone conversations lasting at least five minutes –all electronic and other written communication of at least 100 words in length.

19. Recency Effects in Social Contacts

20. Driving Behavior Real Time City Case Study To what extent do our movments through the world share statistical structure with language and social contact?

21. Method

22. Data about 200 Subjects (1 car & 1 driver) one gps read every six minutes 2177817 total reads 1 x 1 Kilometer grid

24. Austin

25. Recency Effects in Driving SE= +-.001

26. Recency Effects in Document Access Recker & Pitkow, "Predicting Document Access in Large Multimedia Repositories." ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 3, no. 4 (1996): 352-375.

27. ACT-R Activation Equations

28. How a record’s activation grows and fades

29. Association to Context

30. Retrieval & Selection Estimate the probability (log-odds) that a RDF-Triple is needed in Reasoning/Deciding phase as a function of frequency, recency, spacing, and association to elements of the querry and method used Parameterize and Test whether ACT-R’s activation equations adequately model these probabilities Incorporate ACT-R’s base activation into other measures of association (e.g., semantic space model, Quantum Semantics, etc)

31. Take Home Message Patterns of information use looks similar across domains –Language Speech to children New York Times Headlines –Social Contact Email Face to face We are likely to find similar patterns of information use in our case studies –Driving Behavior –Document access ACT-R’s Memory model (Activation Equations) learn to reflect these patterns of information use One flavor of Activation in LarKC’s retrieval experiments in WP 2 will take this approach –Can they scale? –Simpler better?

32. end