1. Macromolecules Re-Teach

2. Organic vs Inorganic Organic Chemistry / Organic Molecules
Organic Molecules contain C bonded to H
Therefore, organic chemistry is the study of molecules containing C bonded to H

3. There are four macromolecules of interest. They are:
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids

4. Most macromolecules are polymers.
This means they are chains of repeating subunits
The subunits are called
monomers
Polymers are built by a chemical reaction called
dehydration synthesis.
Polymers are broken down by a chemical reaction called
hydrolysis.

5. Macromolecule 1: Carbohydrates
Names end in –ose
Formula is CH2O (Ex: C7H14O7, C9H18O9)
Function as storage of energy (short term) and structure
In plants, energy is stored as
Starch (a polysaccharide)
In animals, energy is stored as
Glycogen (a polysaccharide)
Plants use a carb called cellulose for structure
Insects use a carb called chitin for structure in their exoskeleton

6. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are made up of monomers called
Monosaccharides

7. Carbohydrates Also know:
Disaccharides – examples are sucrose (table sugar), lactose (milk sugar), maltose (found in grain). Be able to recognize a disaccharide
Polysaccharides – structure & examples

8. Macromolecule #2: Lipids
All lipids have one characteristic in common:
They are all hydrophobic
Broken down into three groups:
Fats (saturated and unsaturated)
Steroids
Phospholipids

9. Lipids: Functions Fats – Used as long-term energy storage
Steroids – Precursors of hormones
Phospholipids – Make up cell membranes
Phospholipids have a hydrophilic head (the phosphate end) and a hydrophobic tail (the fatty acid end)

10. Lipids No real monomers for lipids – do not necessarily look alike
STEROID PHOSOPHOLIPID

11. Fats
Fats always have one glycerol part, and may have 1 to 3 fatty acid parts
Know the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats

12. Both fats and carbs are used for
Structure
Energy
Cell membranes
Hormones

13. Polymers are built with
Dehydration Synthesis
Hydrolysis

14. Cell membranes are made of…
Fats
Carbs
Phospholipids
Steroids

15. Chitin and cellulose are both…
Structure carbs
Structure lipids
Storage carbs
Storage lipids