1. Aim: What is an organic compound?
Do Now: what are the key components to organic chemistry?
Homework: Text Book Pg 632 – 648 Questions 1-5

2. Organic Chemistry Unit IX

3. I. Organic Compounds: defined
Contains carbon which must have four bonds
Have covalent bonds.
Have low melting points.
Have low boiling points.
React slowly because of their complex bonding.
May have symmetrical shapes (i.e.: tetrahedral) therefore are soluble in non-polar solvents.
Form large molecules with triple, double and single bonds.

4. II. Nomenclature: Naming Organic Compounds
Learn to use Table P

5. a) Types of Organic Compounds
Hydrocarbons
any compound that contains carbon and hydrogen
1. Alkanes – hydrocarbons that contains all single bonds among the carbons in any chain
-Formula For Alkane CnH2n+2

6. Complete Structural Formulas
Show the bonds between each of the atoms
H H
 
H  C  H H C H
CH4 , methane
In methane, CH4 the four valence electrons of carbon are shared with the single electrons of four hydrogen (H) atoms. Each pair of electrons is a single bond, which can be drawn as a line. When a structure is drawn to show each bond, it is called a complete structural formula.

7. More Alkanes H H Condensed Structural Formulas H C C H CH3 CH3
H H Ethane
H H H
H C C C H CH3 CH2 CH3
H H H Propane
The complete structural formula for ethane shows the single bonds between two carbon atoms and six H atoms. The complete structural formula of propane shows the 3-carbon chain with single bonds to the attached H atoms. To write a condensed structural formula, the H atoms are written as a group next to their respective C atoms.

8. Alkane Family Molecular Formula CH4 Name # carbons Structural Formula
Methane CH4
Molecular Formula
CH4
The names of organic compounds are determined by the IUPAC rules (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry). The stem of the name states the number of carbon atoms in the carbon chain of the compounds. The suffix, in this case –ane, indicates the alkane family.

9. Alkane Family Continued
Name # carbons Structural Formula
Ethane CH3CH3
Molecular Formula
C2H6

10. Alkane Family Continued
Name # carbons Structural Formula
Propane CH3CH2CH3
Molecular Formula
C3H8

11. Other Alkanes Hexane 6 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
Name # carbons Structural Formula
Hexane CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
Heptane CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
Octane CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
Nonane CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
Decane 10 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

12. Answer the following A. Draw butane? H H H H H C C C C H
What is its molecular formula?
C4H10

13. b) Alkenes – unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain one double bond among the carbons in any chain.
Name
Structure
Molecular Formula
C2H4
Ethene
C3H6
Propene
Butene
C4H8

14. Answer the Following Why? H H H H H C= C-C-C- C H
What is the molecular formula of pentene ?
C5H10
Why?
H H H H H
C= C-C-C- C H
H H H H

15. c) Alkynes- unsaturated hydrocarbons with one triple bond among the carbons in any chain
Name
Structure
Molecular Formula
Ethyne
(acetylene
C2H2
Propyne
C3H4

16. Naming Alkenes and Alkynes
When the carbon chain has 4 or more C atoms, number the chain to give the lowest number to the double or triple bond.
CH2=CHCH2CH3
1-butene
CH3CH=CHCH3
2-butene
CH3CCCH3
2-butyne

17. Using Table Q

18. Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds
Saturated compounds (alkanes) have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms attached to each carbon atom
Unsaturated compounds have fewer hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon chain than alkanes
Unsaturated compounds contain double or triple bonds

19. Summary of Hydrocarbons
Alkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes are members of a homologous series where each successive member has one more carbon and two more hydrogens
If you arrange the series in alphabetical order
which comes first , second and third ?
Alkane – single bonds
Alkene – double bond
Alkyne – triple bond

20. Using the summary and the reference tables answer the following
1. Given CH4, C2H6,what is the next member ?
C3H8
2. Which of the following has a double bond ?
C4H10, C4H8 or C4H6
3. Which of the following is Pentyne ?
C5H12 C3H4 C5H8
4. Which of the following is a saturated hydrocarbon ?
5. Draw 2-butene.
C-C=C-C plus the Hs

21. Answer the following: What is the formula of Butene ? C4H8
What is the formula of Hexane
C6H14
What is the formula of Butyne ?
C4H6
Which of the following is an alkene ?
C4H10 C4H6 or C4H8

22. d) Benzene Series 1. Characteristics:
Aromatic hydrocarbon (ring structures)
Contains alternating double bonds
Displays chemical resonance
Highly nonpolar due to the depolarization of shared electron (equally distributed).
Formula: CnH2n-6
Examples: Benzene, Toluene, Napthalene

23. Benzene
Toluene
Napthalene