1. Prepared by J. P. Singh & Associates in association with Mohamed Ashour, Ph.D., PE West Virginia University Tech and Gary Norris Ph.D., PE University of Nevada, Reno APRIL 3/4, 2006 Computer Program DFSAP Deep Foundation System Analysis Program Based on Strain Wedge Method

2. AXIALLY LOADED PILES/SHAFTS IN LAYERED SOILS (SAND/CLAY)

3. Deformations in soil layers around an axially loaded shafts QoQo QTQT Sheared soil layers Loading Direction  q X X Vert. Shear Stress distribution Shaft Cross Section oo nn Shaft roro rnrn r n + m Displacement, z z max Distance  n + m znzn Z n + m Shear Stress,  Vertical Shear Stress Shaft Cross Section Shaft Vertical Displacement, Z Shear Stress, T T-Z curve

4. Layer 1 Layer 2 Layer 3

5. A Comparison Between Measured and Computed Axial Pile Load at Different Depths (After Vesic, 1970)

6. Fig. 3-15 Comparison Between Measured and Predicted Load Transfer (  ) – Pile Movement (z) Curve for the California Test

7. Predicted Pile-Head Load-Settlement Curves for Seven Loading Tests at Different Time Periods for the California Test in Comparison with the Predicted Results Axial Load Distribution along the Pile

8. Layer 3 Liquefiable soil  = 32 0 Clay Effect of Developing Liquefaction on Axial Capacity of a Pile from FHWA/RD/86/102 Layer 1 Layer 2 Layer 4

9. No Liquefactiona max = 0.25g, M = 6.5a max = 0.40g, M = 6.5 Effect of Soil Liquefaction on the T-z Curve

10. K s = 14.4 x 10 7 lb/ft K s = 14.2 x 10 6 lb/ft Pile Axial Stiffness Using DFSAP vs. FHWA/RD/86/102

11. Piles/Shafts in Sloping Ground Lateral Load Different Failure Planes Sloping Ground

12. Piles/Shafts in Sloping Ground

13. 10 Degree Sloping Ground0 Degree Sloping Ground

14. Effect of Ground Slope on Pile/Shaft Lateral Response (Downhill Loading)

15. Effect of Ground Slope on Pile/Shaft Lateral Response (Uphill Loading)

16. Effect of Ground Slope on Pile/Shaft Lateral Response