1. Finn Palmgren et al.TFMM PM Workshop, Paris 20061 National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark PM pollution in Denmark Finn Palmgren, Thomas Ellermann and Peter Wåhlin National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark

2. Finn Palmgren et al.TFMM PM Workshop, Paris 20062 National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark PM sources in Denmark The main local sources to PM in Denmark are road traffic and wood stoves. The permit system applied to all point sources in Denmark makes non-compliance with the limit values very unlikely. European emissions (including ships) of gases and particles contribute significantly to the PM pollution in Denmark

3. Finn Palmgren et al.TFMM PM Workshop, Paris 20063 Danmarks Miljøundersøgelser Monitoring strategy

4. Finn Palmgren et al.TFMM PM Workshop, Paris 20064 National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark Levels and trends PM 10 measurements were introduced in 2001. The rural and urban background of PM 10 is approx. 20 µg/m 3, mainly fine particles. The decreasing trends are significant at all traffic sites, except a very busy street in Copenhagen.

5. Finn Palmgren et al.TFMM PM Workshop, Paris 20065 National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark Summary of PM measurements 2005 PM 10 (gravimetric)PM 2.5 (TEOM)

6. Finn Palmgren et al.TFMM PM Workshop, Paris 20066 National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark Source contribution (schematic) The local contribution is small in urban background. Secondary organic + unknown contributions are very uncertain.

7. Finn Palmgren et al.TFMM PM Workshop, Paris 20067 National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark Assessment of trends related to the new EU- directive on PM 2.5 EMEP emission data are used for assessment of secondary inorganic PM. EURO norms are used for assessment of exhaust emssions from traffic. Other emissions are assumed constant.

8. Finn Palmgren et al.TFMM PM Workshop, Paris 20068 National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark Contributions from ships SO 2 Part. S NH 3 Part. amm. Nitrogen Part. N

9. Finn Palmgren et al.TFMM PM Workshop, Paris 20069 National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark PM 2.5 contributions in Copenhagen (urban background) from ships

10. Finn Palmgren et al.TFMM PM Workshop, Paris 200610 National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark Thank you!