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Published byAlyssa Fitzgerald Modified over 11 years ago
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3-D
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3-D IMAGING IN MEDICINE IS A METHOD IN WHICH A SET OF DATA IS COLLECTED FROM A 3- D OBJECT, PROCESSED BY A COMPUTER, AND DISPALAYED ON A 2-D COMPUTER MONITOR TO GIVE THE ILLUSION OF DEPTH.
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APPLICATIONS OF 3-D IN RADIOLOGY RAD. THERAPY CRANIOFACIAL IMAGING ORTHOPEDICS NEUROSURGERY CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY ANGIOGRAPHY MRI ENDOSCOPY (VIRTUAL)
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RAD. THERAPY
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CRANIO-FACIAL IMAGING
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ORTHOPEDICS
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ANGIOGRAPHY
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NEUROSURGERY
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VIRTUAL IMAGING
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THE GENERATION OF 3-D OBJECT USING COMPUTER SOFTWARE IS CALLED MODELING
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EXTRUSION IS A MODELING TECHNIQUE THAT GENERATES A 3-D OBJECT FROM A 2 –D PROFILE ON THE COMPUTER SCREEN.
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EXTRUSION
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PIXEL AREA A B A= WIDTH B= HEIGTH AREA OF THE PIXEL = A x B
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VOXEL VOLUME A B C A= WIDTH B= HEIGTH C-DEPTH (SLICE THICKNESS) VOLUME OF THE VOXEL = A x B x C
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DATA ACQUSITION FOR 3-D CONVENTIONAL SLICE BY SLICE VOLUME DATA ACQUSITION
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PROBLEMS WITH CONVENTIONAL SLICE BY SLICE ACQUISITION IN 3-D GENERATION MOTION - STAIR-STEP ARTIFACT MIREGISTRATION
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STAIR-STEP ARTIFACT
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SEVER STAIR-STEP ARTIFACT
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PROCESSING FOR 3-D SEGMENTATION TRESHOLDING OBJECT DELINEATION RENDERING
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SEGMENTATION PROCESSING TECHNIQUE USED TO IDENTIFY THE STRUCTURE OF INTEREST IN A GIVEN IMAGE. IT DETERMINES WHICH VOXEL ARE PART OF THE OBJECT AND SHOULD BE DISPLAYED AND WHICH ARE NOT AND SHOULD BE DISCARDED.
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SEGMENTATION
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TRESHOLDING METHOD OF CLASSIFYING THE TYPES OF TISSUES REPRESENTED BY EACH OF THE VOXELS. CT NUMBER IS USED TO DETERMINE THIS.
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TRESHOLDING (IN SEGMENTATION)
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DELINEATION BOUNDARY EXTRACTION VOLUME EXTRACTION
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DELINEATION
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RENDERING 3-D IMAGE IS TRANSFORMED INTO SIMULATED 3-D IMAGE SO IT CAN BE DISPLAYED ON THE 2-D MONITOR.
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RENDERING TECHNIQUES SURFACE RENDERING – SHADED SURFACE DISPLAY (SSD) VOLUME RENDERING
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SURFACE RENDERING-SSD SIMPLER OF THE TWO METHODS. DISPLAYS THE IMAGE ACCORDING TO ITS CALCULATIONS OF HOW THE LIGHT RAYS WOULD BE REFLECTED TO THE VIEWERS EYES. COMPUTER CREATES INTERNAL REPRESENTATION OF SURFACES
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ADVANTAGE OF SSD NOT MUCH COMPUTING POWER REQUIRED ONLY CONTOUR INF IS USED
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DISADVANTAGES OF SSD INFO OF STRUCTURES INSIDE OR BEHIND THE SURFACE IS NOT DISPLAYED!!
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SSD
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SURGERY USING SSD
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VOLUME RENDERING SOPHISTICATED TECHNIQUE. 3-D IMAGES HAVE BETTER QUALITY THAN IN SURFACE RENDERING. USES ENTIRE DATA SET FROM 3-D SPACE. IT REQUIRES MORE COMPUTING POWER.
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ADVANTAGES OF VOLUME RENDERING (VR) UNLIKE SSD, VOLUME RENDERING ALLOWS SEEING THROUGH SURFACES. IT ALLOWS THE VIEWER TO SEE BOTH INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL STRUCTURES.
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DISADVANTAGE/S IT REQUIRES GREAT COMPUTING POWER – SOPHISTICATED COMPUTER EQUIPMENT
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VR
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MAXIMUM INTENSITY PROJECTION VOLUME RENDERING 3-D TECHNIQUE THAT IS NOW FREQUENTLY USED IN CTA ( CT ANGIO) IT USES LESS THAN 10% OF DATA IN 3-D SPACE. IT DOES NOT NEED SOPHISTICATED COMPUTING. IT ORIGINATED IN MRA
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MIP ALLOWS ONLY THE VOXEL WITH THE BRIGHTEST VALUE TO BE SELECTED
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MIP CAN ALSO BE DISPLAYED IN RAPID SEQUENCE- CINE
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ADVANTAGES OF MIP NO NEED FOR SOPHISTICATED COMPUTER HARDWARE- IT USES LESS THAN 10% OF DATA
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DISADVANTAGE/S OF MIP ARTIFACT- STRING OF BEADS NO SUPERIMPOSED STRUCTURES DEMONSTRATION
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MIP IN MRI
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MIP OF THE HEAD???
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MIP
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COMPARISON OF 3-D TECHNIQUES
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DEPICTION OF 3-D RELATIONSHIP IN 3-D TECHNIQUES SSD – GOOD MIP – FAIR VR - GOOD
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EDGE DELINEATION SSD – GOOD MIP – GOOD VR - FAIR
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VESSEL LUMEN DEPICTION SSD – NO MIP – 1 PIXEL THICK VR - YES
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% OF DATA USED SSD - < 10% MIP < 10% VR UP TO 100%
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ARTIFACTS SSD – MANY FALSE SURFACES MIP – MIP ARTIFACT VR - FEW
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CT WORKSTATION
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3-D WORKSTATION FEATURES MPR- MULTIPLANAR RECONSTRUCTION TRANSPARENCY VISUALIZATION SURFACE RENDERING SLICE PLANE MAPPING SLICE CUBE CUTS MIP 4-D ANGIO DISARTICULATION VIRTUAL REALITY
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MPR
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TRANSPARENCY
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CUBE SLICE CUT
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4-D
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DISARTICULATION
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VIRTUAL REALITY
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