1. Sponge Reproduction Asexual Budding Fragmentation
Gemmule formation (internal buds)

2. Gemmules Large mass of archaeocytes (amoebocytes)
Formed during harsh conditions
Environmentally resistant
When ready, archaeocytes are released form new sponges.

4. PORIFERA: SPONGILLIDAE
FRESHWATER SPONGES
PORIFERA: SPONGILLIDAE

7. Ephydatia fluviatilis

8. G M
Ephydatia fluviatilis Gemmoscleres And Megascleres

9. Ephydatia fluviatilis Gemmules

10. Ephydatia fluviatilis Gemmules

11. Ephydatia fluviatilis Gemmule

12. Ephydatia fluviatilis Gemmule Surface

13. Ephydatia fluviatilis Gemmoscleres Birotulate

14. Spongilla lacustris

15. Spongilla lacustris

16. Spongilla lacustris Megascleres And Microscleres

17. Spongilla lacustris Gemmules With Micropyle
Mycropyle
Spicules

18. Spongilla lacustris Gemmoscleres Slightly Curved Amphistrongyla Covered With A Variable Number Of Recurved Spines

19. Sponge Reproduction OR! Sexual
Eggs from amoebocytes and sperm from collar cells (or amoebocytes)
Sperm is released into water
Ova fertilized in mesohyl after sperm brought in by water current
Here, the zygote develops into a flagellated larvae: parenchymula
OR!

20. Fertilization The Smoking Sponges
Mature sperm and oocytes are released into the environment through the aquiferous system.
Fertilization takes place in the water (ovipery).

21. The Parenchymula larva is generally ciliated and solid.