1. Collaborative processes over shared waters Lylia Khennache ENVR-610 Source: Prix Pictet

2. Outline Watershed institutions  Centralizing power in a decentralised institution  Power Balance or Cooperation? Case study  Nile River Preliminary conclusions

3. Research Question Do Collaborative Institutions support the adaptation to drivers (population rise, climate change) that are impacting the quality and quantity of the water in a basin?

4. Nile River Case Study

5. Hydropolitical relations

6. Climate Change Issues Egypt: Water and air pollution, filling of wetlands, desertification, waterlogging and soil salinity, sanitation, river bank degradation Ethiopia: Deforestation, Overgrazing, Soil erosion, desertification, sanitation, loss of biodiversity (including agrobiodiversity), Floods Droughts Sudan: Soil erosion desertification, pollution of water supplies, wildlife hunting, floods, droughts, sanitation, deforestation Tanzania: Deforestation, soil degradation, desertification, river and lake pollution, poaching and shortage of potable water Kenya:River and lake pollution (point and non-point source), deforestation, desertification, soil erosion, sedimentation, loss of wetlands, eutrophication and water weeds Rwanda: Deforestation, soil erosion, degradation of river banks and lakeshores, desertification, wildlife hunting, overgrazing Uganda: Draining of wetlands, deforestation, soil erosion, encroachment into marginal lakeshore and riverine ecosystems, point and non point-source pollution Burundi: River and lake pollution, deforestation, soil erosion, wildlife hunting Source: Transboundary Environmental Analysis

7. Population Rise

8. Agriculture-based economies= water based economies

9. Result Water DemandWater Supply + = Cooperation?

10. Complexity Institutional Inertia

11. Preliminary Conclusions  The riparians seriously compromise and are committed to the cooperation process, working together under the auspices of a river basin commission to promote basin‐wide management of its shared water resources and regional development. This would be achieved through multilateral projects to be supported by multilateral and bilateral donor institutions already engaged in the NBI.  The riparians opt for cooperation, but the NBI assumes a different role from its current, actual role and moves towards a position of support for unilateral projects within a common basin‐wide development approach rather than through parallel multilateral projects and, in this case, countries could benefit from diversified sources of funding.  The riparians decide to withdraw from the multilateral cooperation and opt for unilateral development of the Nile’s water resources, most likely benefiting from alternative sources of investment including from China. Nile Basin Initiative Continuity?

12. Preliminary Conclusions Many technical answers: IWRM, Adaptive Management, Transitional Management,… What about the political response?