1. E7 WASH Cluster – Emergency Training E 1 Excreta Disposal in Emergencies Session 7 Medium Term Solutions

2. E7 WASH Cluster – Emergency Training E 2 Rehabilitate or rebuild? Family or communal? On-site or sewered? Pit or tank? Slab or seat? Some considerations

3. E7 WASH Cluster – Emergency Training E 3 Group work In groups of at least 2 people take one of the sanitation options and discuss; Advantages and disadvantages Include privacy, safety, access for the vulnerable. Cultural appropriateness Be ready to present back to the group in 10 minutes

4. E7 WASH Cluster – Emergency Training E 4 Group work feedback Simple pit latrines Ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines Eco-san options Borehole latrines Pour-flush latrines Septic tanks Aqua-privies Wastewater treatment systems Others

5. E7 WASH Cluster – Emergency Training E 5 Family Latrines: Pour-flush latrines Image courtesy of WEDC. (c) Rod Shaw.

6. E7 WASH Cluster – Emergency Training E 6 Family Latrines: Pour-flush latrines Image courtesy of WEDC. © Rebecca Scott. Needs: a ready source of prefabricated slabs or pans with a U-bend plentiful water supply for flushing with each visit From Harvey, EDIE, 2006

7. E7 WASH Cluster – Emergency Training E 7 Family Latrines: Twin pit latrines Twin pits are useful where traffic is known to high, where only shallow pits can be dug, or where long life is needed. One pit can be emptied whilst other is in use Can be twin-pit VIPs, pour-flush or eco-san

8. E7 WASH Cluster – Emergency Training E 8 Overcrowding and lack of time/resources often dictates the need for communal toilet blocks in the medium term after an emergency. These can be: Communal simple pit or VIP latrines Communal pour-flush with septic tank Communal aqua privies Urinals Communal Latrines

9. E7 WASH Cluster – Emergency Training E 9 Communal Latrines: Pit latrines Example emergency pit latrine, MSF, Gihogazi, Burundi, 2003. Photo: Ken Gibbs, RedR.

10. E7 WASH Cluster – Emergency Training E 10 Communal Latrines: Pit latrines Basic communal pit latrine: Un-lined trench Timber footrests Lightweight superstructure Image courtesy of WEDC. (c) Rod Shaw.

11. E7 WASH Cluster – Emergency Training E 11 Communal Latrines: VIP latrines Image courtesy of WEDC. © Peter Harvey.

12. E7 WASH Cluster – Emergency Training E 12 Communal Latrines: Pour-flush latrines with septic tank Image courtesy of WEDC. © Ken Chatterton.

13. E7 WASH Cluster – Emergency Training E 13 Communal Latrines: Aqua privies Image courtesy of WEDC. © Ken Chatterton.

14. E7 WASH Cluster – Emergency Training E 14 Communal Latrines: Urinals A simple structure to collect urine and allow it to soak to a pit Needs regular flushing with water to reduce odours Significantly reduces number of male toilets needed, leading to impact on time and cost