1. Comparing Sources at Higher Comparing Sources at Higher

2. Comparing Sources at Higher

3. Therefore, for full marks, you have to find: 2 overall comparisons + 3 direct comparisons OR 1 overall comparison + 4 direct comparisons

4. Source C, Fiona Watson Source D, Pete Armstrong

6. Comparing Sources at Higher

7. Example of an overall comparison(the views of the source): Sources C and D agree overall about the effects of the Scottish victory at Stirling Bridge as they both State that Wallace now takes a leading role in the nation. Sources C and D agree overall about the effects of the Scottish victory at Stirling Bridge as they both highlight the seriousness of the English response to the defeat.

8. Comparing Sources at Higher Example of a direct comparison Sources C and D agree that the English response to defeat at Stirling Bridge was to raise an army to avenge this. Source C states that writs were immediately sent out to the Sherriff of York, and 28 Northern English and Scots Lords. Source D states that the English responded “without delay” and sent orders for the Sherriff of Nottingham and Derby to send troops north to aid other English Lords.

9. Sources C and D agree that the Scots victory at Stirling Bridge forced the English nobility to unite and take action. Source C states that the defeat finally united the discontented nobles. Source D states that the disaster shocked the English nobility into action. Sources C and D agree that the Scots victory at Stirling Bridge enabled the Scots to regain control of some of the captured Scots castles. Source C states that they regained control of some castles manned by English garrisons. Source D states that the castles of Stirling and Dundee were taken by early 1298. Sources C and D agree that the Scots victory at Stirling Bridge ensured that Wallace became the leader of Scottish resistance to Edward. Source C states that Wallace now operated as the representative of King John and the community. Source D states that the victory led to him being the undisputed leader of the Scots. Sources C and D agree that the English response to defeat at Stirling Bridge was to raise an army to avenge this. Source C states that writs were immediately sent out to the Sherriff of York, and 28 Northern English and Scots Lords. Source D states that the English responded “without delay” and sent orders for the Sherriff of Nottingham and Derby to send troops north to aid other English Lords.

10. Comparing Sources at Higher

16. Source C: from a contemporary English chronicle. A certain Scot, by name William Wallace was an outcast from pity, a robber, a sacrilegious man, a man who burnt alive boys in schools and churches in great numbers. Wallace had collected an army of Scots in the battle of Falkirk against the King of England, and had seen that he could not resist the powerful army of the King, and so fled himself from the battle, leaving his people to be slain by the sword. This man, after his innumerable wickednesses, was at last taken prisoner by the King’s servants and brought to London, as the King ordained that he should be formally tried. He was put to a most cruel, but amply deserved, death. His head was fixed on a stake and set on London Bridge. His four quarters thus divided, were sent to the four quarters of Scotland. Behold the end of a merciless man whom his mercilessness brought to this end. Source D: from Alan Macquarrie, Kingship and Nation (2004). William Wallace was probably the son of the laird of Elderslie who had not signed the Ragman Rolls, and was consequently outlawed by the English justiciar. He escaped capture by the English garrison of Lanark with the help of his mistress, who was killed in the process. In revenge, Wallace killed the Sheriff of Lanark and set himself up as head of a band of outlaws. The Battle of Falkirk was a victory for the English mounted knights and the Welsh archers, who wore down the schiltrons by repeated cavalry charges and discharges of arrows. Wallace escaped and rescued the survivors as best he could. He remained at liberty until betrayed by Sir John Stewart of Mentieth. After his trial he was dragged for miles at the tail of a horse to Smithfield where he was put to death by being strangled, and dismembered. To what extent do Sources C and D agree about the career of William Wallace? Compare the content overall and in detail.(5)

18. Source A: from the Treaty of Birgham (1290). Having considered the peace and tranquillity of both kingdoms and in doing so mutual friendship should continue between our peoples for all time, we have granted in the name of our lord (Edward I) that the rights and liberties and customs of Scotland shall be wholly preserved. We promise that the kingdom of Scotland shall remain separate and divided from the kingdom of England by rightful boundaries and borders as has been observed up to now and that it shall be free and independent. We grant that no tenant-in-chief of the king of Scotland shall be forced to go outside the kingdom to do homage or fealty or to pay relief for his lands. No parliament shall be held outwith the kingdom and borders of Scotland on matters concerning that kingdom or its borders or the position of those that live in the kingdom. No one of the kingdom of Scotland shall be held to answer outwith that kingdom for any agreement entered into, or for any crime committed, or in any other cause contrary to the laws and customs of that kingdom. Source B: from GWS Barrow, Robert Bruce (1988). The whole course of the negotiations which culminated in the marriage agreement, called the Treaty of Birgham, shows the guardians above all anxious to do nothing that might impair the “rights” or the integrity of Scotland. The Treaty of Birgham was the high-watermark of the endeavour by the Guardians and the community. The treaty envisaged two feudal kingdoms, England and Scotland ruled separately though in harmony by a king and queen. The Scottish kingdom was to remain, as the Scots had demanded, free and without subjugation. Elections to the clergy in Scotland were to be free of external interference and tenants-in- chief of the Scots Crown need do homage for their lands in Scotland only, persons in Scotland who had been accused of a crime or sued at law should not have to answer in a court outside their country. The treaty has been praised as a document of wise statesmanship and patriotism, but it was also something else. It was essentially a cautious, protective document. To what extent do Sources A and B agree about the Scots’ attempts to protect their independence after the death of Alexander III? Compare the sources overall and in detail.

19. To what extent do Sources A and B agree about the Scots’ attempts to protect their independence after the death of Alexander III? Compare the sources overall and in detail. Sources A and B agree about the Scots’ attempts to protect their independence after the death of Alexander III as they both agree that the Scots ensured that no one could be tried for a crime committed in Scotland in another court outside the country. Source A states that no one could be held to account outside Scotland for crimes committed and Source B states that persons would not have to answer crimes in a court in another country.