1. © RSPH 2008 Learning Outcome 2 - Individual and population health - Basic Public Health information - Personal hygiene - Protection from infectious and preventable diseases

2. © RSPH 2008 Public Health ‘Study of the health and disease of populations and groups in relation to their environment and ways of living’ (Morris 1975:3)

3. © RSPH 2008 Measures for whole groups & societies oDeath (Mortality) rate; the incidence of fatal cases of disease in a given population in a specified period. oIllness (Morbidity) rate; the incidence of non-fatal cases of disease in a given population in a specific period (measure of illness) oDisability rate; measures of restricted activity and limited function R.J Taylor et al Morris 1975:3

4. © RSPH 2008 Principles of personal health Reducing transmission of infection Reducing personal health risk

5. © RSPH 2008 Protection from preventable infectious disease Hand washing Immunisation/vaccination

6. © RSPH 2008 Commonly transmitted infections reduced by good personal hygiene measures Common cold MRSA (methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus) Norovirus (winter vomiting disease)

7. © RSPH 2008 Hand washing After eating, smoking, coughing, or blowing the nose After handling waste food or refuse After visiting the toilet Before handling food Between handling raw and cooked food

8. © RSPH 2008 Hand washing Continued After combing or touching the hair After touching pets or animals After handling cleaning materials After social activities where equipment is often shared e.g. bowling

9. © RSPH 2008 Key measures Correct hand washing procedure http://www.publichealthgreybruce.on.ca/Communicable/Ha ndwashing/ Disposal of used handkerchief/tissues DH ‘Catch it, Bin it, Kill it’ respiratory and hand hygiene campaign http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publicati ons/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_080839

10. © RSPH 2008 Further information on infection www.neli.org.uk/IntegratedCRD.nsf/NeLI_Hom e1?OpenForm

11. © RSPH 2008 Immunisation/vaccination Safe Cost effective Works! When Primary Course for all At specific risk e.g. Population group, Occupation or Travel

12. © RSPH 2008 12 Immunisation Information http://www.immunisation.nhs.uk http://www.who.int/vaccines/globalsummary/immunization /ScheduleResult.cfm www.trusthomeopathy.org www.mcb.org.uk NHS LifeCheck for early years, teens and mid life: www.nhs.uk/lifecheck The Child Health Promotion Programme-Pregnancy and the first five years of life DH March 2008

13. © RSPH 2008 Screening The testing of an otherwise healthy person in order to diagnose disorders at an early stage e.g. Breast, Cervical, sexual health Screening programmes are public health services

14. © RSPH 2008 References Health & Illness M. Bury Polity Press 2005 Assessing Health Need using the Life Cycle Framework C. Pickin & S. St Leger OU Press 1994 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and Need Levels A. Maslow 1971 Water and Health in an overcrowded World T.Halliday & B. Davey (Eds.) Oxford University Press Concepts of health; an analysis of lay logic : sociology 17,2:185-205 R ory Williams (1993)