3. The ontological argument is based entirely upon logic and reason and doesn’t really try to give a posteriori evidence to back it up. Anselm would claim the statement ‘God exists’ makes perfect sense in the same way that saying a triangle has three sides also makes perfect sense.

4. Which of these six statements is a priori? 2+2=4

5. Humes’ Fork According to Hume which of these is necessarily true?

6. 2+2=4 Humes’ Fork According to Hume which of these is contingently true?

7. 2+2=4 Humes’ Fork According to Hume which of these is analytic?

8. 2+2=4 Humes’ Fork According to Hume which of these is synthetic?

9. Empiricist or Rationalist????? Remember, Empiricism is based upon knowledge we get through the senses and rationalism is based on logic and reason using the brain. Ontological Cosmological Teleological

10. Cosmological Teleological Ontological Is the Cosmological Argument Empiricist or Rationalist?????

11. Teleological is a posteriori as it is based on the complexity of life. We know there is complexity because we can observe this! Where does this complexity come from – well a designer must exist and this designer is God. Cosmological is a posteriori as it is based on causation and the beginning of the Universe. We know that all contingent things need a beginning as we can observe this! There must be something that is not contingent – a necessary being and this must be God.

12. Teleological Argument – complexity of a forest?

15. 2 + 2 = 4 Triangle has 3 sides The shortest distance between 2 points is a straight line All bachelors are unmarried males Logic and reason tell us these things are true!

16. Anselm begins by saying that God can be defined as a perfect being and so must exist but how does he justify this claim?

17. It would seem that he has a point as it is difficult to imagine a being greater than an all-powerful God?

18. God Ontological – we can all imagine a greatest being God

22. Is it better to exist or not to exist?

23. So, existence in reality is greater than existence in the imagination.

24. If God exists in the imagination, then to exist in the imagination and in reality would be greater.

26. Well, quite a few actually!

27. Gaunilo's reductio ad absurdum

28. Defining things into existence Uses reductio ad absurdum Not rational

31. We can all imagine God Aquinas’ criticism of Anselm – we all have different ideas of what God is like so God cannot be a universal concept?

35. The term ‘black cat’ tells us something about the cat i.e. that it is black! The predicate ‘black’ is a defining term of the cat. ‘God exists’ contains no such predicate and so cannot tell us about God!