2. Contents  Describe epidemiology of meningococcal serogroups C disease  What, why and when are the changes happening  Which vaccines are recommended?  Useful resources

3. What is Meningococcal disease?  Meningococcal disease occurs as a result of an invasive bacterial infection caused by Neisseria meningitidis  Transmission is by aerosol, droplets or direct contact and usually requires frequent or prolonged close contact  Incubation period 2 – 7 days  Meningococcal infection most commonly presents as either meningitis or septicaemia, or a combination of both  There are 12 serogroups of Neisseria meningitidis  In the UK serogroups B is currently the most common, less common include serogroups C.

4. Clinical presentation of meningococcal infection Babies and toddlers Children and young adults Fever with poor peripheral perfusion Poor feeding, refusing food or vomitingVomiting Tense, bulging fontanelle and photophobiaSevere headache and photophobia Fretful, unusual cry, moaning or rapid breathingConfusion and irritability Neck stiffnessNeck stiffness and muscle pain Pale blotchy complexion and/or non blanching rash Drowsy and loss of consciousness Symptoms can appear in any order, some may not appear at all

7. Meningococcal disease: Meningococcal disease: This four-month-old infant has gangrene of her hands and lower extremities as a result of meningococcemia.

13. with time