1. Pest Control Moray Anderson Technical Director Killgerm Group

2. Pest Control Rodents Insects

3. Pest Control What to look for when auditing premises: Rodent pests - signs of activity - baiting strategies Insect pests - signs of activity - potential for disease transfer

4. Simple Steps to Effective Auditing Pest activity Hygiene/housekeeping Proofing Storage Monitoring points Fly control units Paperwork

5. Paperwork. Reports…are they clear and accurate? Routine visits….are they frequent and evenly spaced? Follow up visits…. correct intervals? Pesticides….type and use recorded? Risk/COSHH assessments carried out? Signatures….by technician and client?

6. FREQUENCY OF RODENT BAITING Monthly? Fortnightly? Weekly? Continuous pest activity needs riddance programmes in place Non-infested sites need proofing Not just bait checking

7. Effective auditing Pest Activity……. (Infestation?) “A breeding population of pests in an area where its presence will be detrimental to humans, their activities or their health”

8. Signs of Activity …Rodents. Nests Damage Burrows Contamination Smell Droppings Smears Foot prints/tail swipes

9. Nest - mouse

10. Nest - rat

11. Mouse damage –Gnawing cables.

12. Rat damage

13. Burrows

14. Bait and mouse droppings.

15. Rat droppings

16. Footprints/Tail Swipes

17. Smears

18. Home range… Rat … Has a large home range, 15-30 metres, but in rural populations can forage for two or three miles in search of food. House mouse… Very territorial, small home range. Typically 3-6 metres. The common rat has the behavioural characteristic called neophobia. This neophobic re-action makes them very wary of new objects placed in their territory. House mice are less “nervous” and will be more likely to explore new objects.

19. Monitoring/Control points Rodent bait boxes

20. CONDITION Old stale bait Water-logged bait Baits damaged by insects/slugs Unsuitable bait containers (spiders’ webs and “wobbly” bait boxes, etc.)

21. FORMULATIONS Vary the products –Grain bait –Block bait –Soft/pasta bait OR –Traps –Tack boards –Gels and dusts

22. APPLICATION Cardboard Plastic Box Tray Loose

23. Effective auditing Insects

24. Signs of Activity …Insects. Live Insects Bodies Damage Contamination Webbing, etc. Trails in dust Disease Check Monitoring Devices where present

25. Insect Pests in Food Premises (CIEH booklet) Dermestid beetles –skin feeders birds nests dead animals dog and cat food

26. Larder beetle –Dermestes lardarius –Life cycle –Egg 2 – 9 days (100 – 700 per female) –Larva 35 – 80 days –Pupa 8 – 15 days –Adult 18 months

27. Insect Pests in Food Premises Tribolium confusum, confused flour beetle. Egg 4- 30 days (950) Larva 15 – 98 days Pupa 5 – 22 days Adult 1.5 yrs

28. Houseflies –The housefly (Musca domestica) Mechanical vectors of many different and varied pathogens such as –bacteria –protozoa –viruses –helminth eggs

29. Houseflies –Outbreak of enterohaemorrhagic colitis –Outbreak occurred in nursery school in Japan –an epidemiological survey isolated Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EHEC-O157) EHEC-O157 isolated from houseflies collected in the school EHEC-O157 isolated from patients

30. Houseflies – The bacteria persist for a number of days but also proliferate – how? –Proliferation of EHEC-O157 takes place on the mouthparts of the fly: kept moist by repeated regurgitation of gut contents, saliva and frequent tasting of liquid nutrients. labellum provides perfect environment for proliferation of EHEC-O157. labellum of flies is usually retracted

31. Houseflies –These results suggest that houseflies are not simple mechanical vectors of EHECO157. –For this type of transmission, a new technical term, bioenhanced transmission, was coined.

32. “Drain” flies “Drain” flies F. PsychodidaeOwl midges F. SciaridaeFungus flies F. DrosophilidaeFruit flies F. PhoridaeScuttle flies F. SphaeroceridaeLesser dung flies F. Sepsidae