1. What is Robotics?
A robot is a machine that can be programmed.

2. The Four D’s of Robotics
Dangerous
Dirty
Dull
Difficult

3. The Four D’s of Robotics
Dangerous
Dirty
Dull
Difficult

4. The Four D’s of Robotics
Dangerous
Dirty
Dull
Difficult

5. The Four D’s of Robotics
Dangerous
Dirty
Dull
Difficult

6. The First Robots
Mechanical toys such as the Japanese Karakuri ningyo toys of the 1700s

7. The First Robots
Leonardo da Vinci’s 15th Century design for a knight

8. The First Robots
Automata of the 1800s

10. What is artificial intelligence and how is it different from robotics as we know it?
In current robotics, all robot behavior must be programmed into the robot.
Artificial intelligence is the ability of the robot to select which behavior or program to run.

11. Difference in Robots and Humans
Machines can recall data and do math much faster than humans. They are more rugged than we are.
Humans are much better at recognizing patterns. They are more creative. Humans can adapt to change much faster than robots.

12. Major Fields of Robotics
Operator Interface: A robot must be able to communicate with its human controller
Mobility or locomotion: How the robot gets from place to place
Manipulators and effectors:
The parts of the robot that
interact with objects by
touching things, picking
them up, placing them in
containers, etc.

13. Major Fields of Robotics
Programming – How you talk to a machine.
Sensing and perception –
A robot needs information
from sensors to know
about its surroundings

14. Difference between Autonomous and TeleOp
An autonomous robot is controlled by its internal computer.
A teleop or teleoperated robot is controlled by a human using a control device remotely.

15. Ways to teleop a robot:
Virtual Reality (VR) immerse the operator in a real-time control environment.

16. Ways to teleop a robot:
Biofeedback or neurofeedback using an EEG. Very useful for people who have lost a limb or are paralyzed.

17. Ways to teleop a robot:
Exoskeleton robot

18. Mobility or Locomotion
Electric motors – DC (direct current) are used to created rotational movement
Servos – Work by electricity and also created rotational movement
Linear Actuators – pneumatics or hydraulics and created a lot of force very quickly
Rotary actuators – much like linear only force is rotational

19. How can robots move?
Muscle wire – actually contracts when electricity is run through it. Shape Memory Alloy or SMA;

20. How can robots move? Electroactive polymers can contract up to 400
percent when electricity
is applied. Used for
humanoid robots

21. How can robots move?
Two-wheeled balancing – robot uses sensors to stay balanced
One-wheeled balancing – robot uses a single wheel or ball and still maintains balance
Six-wheeled robots – multiple wheels
Walking robots -

22. How can robots move?
Walking robots – Like Honda’s ASIMO these robots are called bipeds.

23. How can robots move?
Flying robots – Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) fly in front of patrols so soldiers can spot ambushes.

24. How can robots move? Underwater
robots – used for recovery, mapping, exploration and clean-up

25. How can robots move? Climbing robots – Use gecko-like mechanisms
to climb

26. Manipulators and End Effectors
Some people refer to the hand of a robot as an end-effector or effector and the arm as a manipulator.
Mechanical Gripper

27. Manipulators and End Effectors
Vacuum gripper

28. Manipulators and End Effectors
Magnetic Grippers
Ingressive Grippers

29. Sensors
Robots must know: Where am I? Where do I need to go? What is in my way?
Robots use cameras for eyes
Robots use microphones for ears
Robots use touch sensors for touch
GPS Sensors for coordinates
Radar transmitters for objects in the way
Infrared sensors detect heat

30. Pseudo Code
Pseudo code is “pictures” or tiles of code that you can experiment with rather than actually programming

31. Center of Gravity
Center of Gravity, the point at which all of the weight of an object appears to be concentrated. If an object rotates when thrown, the center of gravity is also the center of rotation. It is important for automobiles and trucks to have their centers of gravity located close to the road, because a low center of gravity gives them stability.

32. Support Polygon
The support polygon is the imaginary polygon formed by connecting the points where the robot touches the supporting surface.
A triangle is the most stable stationary polygon.
The most stable polygon for movement is a rectangle.

33. Two-point rule
Two-point rule says that you need two points of connection on structural pieces.

34. Vulnerable Robot Elements
Anything that is sticking out and subject to being rammed or run-over