1. THE CHANGING NATION Crossing the Continent

2. Transcontinental Railroad  There was no way to across the US in the 1850’s, except by _________or _________ South America or through Central America.

3.  The _________ started delivering mail in 1860 from _________ to _________ in 10 days. Riders rode on _________ 75 miles, then handed his mail pack to the next rider.

4.  The Pony Express was put out of business when the _________ was invented by _________. Morse ____________could be sent from coast to coast in just a few minutes.

5.  The best way to link the _________ and the _________ was to build a _________ across the continent- _________ _________

6. The UNION PACIFIC RR and the CENTRAL PACIFIC RR raced against each other. The CENTRAL PACIFIC built tracks going _________ from _____________________________ The UNION PACIFIC built track _________ from ________________ EAST WEST

7.  The UNION PACIFIC had an advantage building across the ______________________________.  The CENTRAL PACIFIC had a difficult job building through the _______________________________.

8.  Both teams had troubles  Finding _________  __________________ ________ as tracks cut across Indian hunting grounds

9.  On May 10, 1869, the tracks of the Union Pacific and the Central Pacific met at _________________________________________  A special ________________________ was made to symbolize the success of the project.

10. Pioneers and the Great American Desert  In the mid 1800’s the plains were seen as _________ with few ______, harsh _______ and low _________

11.  The government wanted to encourage _________ to _________ on the _________ and turn it into _________  The government wanted to _____________. Lincoln signed the Homestead Act in 1862. It gave _________ to American citizens and immigrants who would start _________ on the Plains.

12.  A person could claim 160 acres of land for about _________ if they _________ the land and live on it for 5 years.  These new settlers were called _____________.

13.  Before they could plant crops, homesteaders had to rip up the _________ on their land. This gave the pioneers the nickname “_________”.  They used the sod to _______________.  The soil ended up being very fertile (not like the desert they thought it would be).

14.  News of the great fertile soil on the Plains spread to _________. Families from Germany, Norway, Russia, and other countries came by boat to _____________.  Many ______________moved to the Plains also to start new lives as _________.

15.  Life on the Plains was hard:  Bitter _________  Deadly _________  Tornadoes  _________  Flooding  Blazing _________  Little _________  Fires  Dreaded ___________________________in its path

16.  The new railroad lines brought thousands of people to Washington, Oregon, and California. Many important cities were created such as Seattle, WA and Los Angeles, CA.

17. Cowboys and Miners  _________ were needed to _________ to the East where they could be sold for huge profits.  Cattle was driven from _________ to towns along the railroad. The RR took the cattle to _____________.

18.  Cowboy life was _________ and _________. They worked _________ a day on horses, _________ a week, for _________  Many cowboys were _________ -American or _________ - American

19.  Cattle drives ended by _________ because conflicts between ranchers and farmers who wanted to ____________________________________.

20.  Many people moved ____________________  The _________ gold rush changed the West as thousands of people moved to California to search for _________. Miners searched for gold from the mountains to the deserts.

21.  Small mining camps often grew into _________ of diverse people.  Overtime boomtowns grew into important cities such as Denver, Colorado and Sacramento, CA.

22. War in the West  Settlers moving to the Great Plains in the 1860’s led to conflicts between _________ and ___________________  The US supported the _________ and wanted the land to be used for RR, ____________, ranches, and _________

23.  The government decided to move ______________ off their land to ______________(land set aside for Indian use)  Most Native Americans realized they could not defeat _______________ and moved willingly

24. Chief _________ of the Lakota refused to make peace with the _________ and move to a _______________ Colonel ____________of the US cavalry was sent to defeat ________________l and his tribe.

25.  A young warrior named ___________led the Lakota in a _________ at Little Big Horn.  This was called “_______________” because Custer was _________ along with his entire troop of more than 200 soldiers.

26.  By the _________ the US had all _________ on reservations