1. Cellular Respiration
Energy For Cells

2. Cellular Respiration
Energy is released by breaking the bonds of food molecules (such as glucose) to make ATP from ADP
ADP = adenosine diphosphate
ADP + Pi  ATP
2 types
aerobic respiration
anaerobic respiration

3. Cellular Respiration

4. Aerobic Respiration respiration that requires oxygen Three steps:
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain

5. Aerobic Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O
38 ATP are produced per molecule of glucose
2 ATP are used, so net ATP is 36
Some energy is lost as heat, so the actual number will be lower
exergonic reaction – energy is released

6. Glycolysis Occurs in the cytoplasm “splitting sugar” Inputs: Outputs:
glucose
Outputs:
Pyruvic acid
NADH
ATP

7. Krebs Cycle Occurs in the mitochondria Inputs: Outputs: Pyruvic acid
ATP
NADH
FADH2
CO2

8. Electron Transport Chain
Occurs in the mitochondria
Where most of the ATP is produced
Inputs:
NADH
FADH2 O2
Outputs:
ATP
Water

9. Anaerobic Respiration
Takes place in the absence of oxygen
Occurs in the cytoplasm
Fewer ATP are produced – net ATP is 2
Similar to glycolysis with an extra step
2 types
Lactic acid fermentation
Alcoholic fermentation

10. Lactic Acid Fermentation
Enzymes break down a glucose molecule into two lactic acid molecules, making ATP
C6H12O6  lactic acid
This process causes the pain in muscle fatigue

11. Lactic Acid Fermentation

12. Alcoholic Fermentation
Enzymes break down a glucose molecule into ethanol and CO2, making ATP
C6H12O6  2 ethanol + 2 CO2
This process is used…
to produce alcohol
in gasoline additives
in baking

13. Alcoholic Fermentation

14. Photosynthesis vs. Respiration