1. Lesson 2: Latin American Independence Lesson Questions: How did Latin America achieve independence from Spain and Portugal? What obstacles did new Latin American nations face in the 19th century? Lesson Objectives: The students will understand the general causes of Latin American independence in the early 19th century. The students will also understand the basic obstacles in Latin American societies to building stable, democratic nations.

2. Latin American Independence 1810 – 1830
1. Colonial Conditions:
Centralized Government
Dependency and Resentment
Political Inexperience
Catholicism
Societal Divisions
Race, region, class
2. Causes of Independence:
American Revolution
French Revolution
Haitian Revolution
Napoleon’s Invasion of Portugal 1807 and Spain 1808
Creoles vs. Peninsulares
Juntas

3. 3. Four Theaters Mexico Father Miguel de Hidalgo d. 1811
Augustin de Iturbide (Emperor: 1821)
Northern So. America
Simon Bolivar
Gran Columbia
Southern So. America
Jose de San Martin
United Provinces of Rio de la Plata 1816 = Argentina 1826
Brazil
Pedro I 1822
Empire of Brazil
4. 50 Years of Turmoil 1830 – 1880
Creole Leaders: Liberal vs. Conservatives
Personalist Leaders: caudillos
Underdevelopment
19th century British Protection
Raw Materials and Markets

5. Mexican Empire

6. Gran Columbia

7. United Provinces of Rio de La Plata 1816

8. Empire of Brazil

9. Latin American Reading Notes

10. According to Simon Bolivar, what are the challenges facing Latin America after independence?

11. According to Sarmiento, what have been the main problems with Latin American revolutions?

12. Lesson Questions: How did Latin America achieve independence from Spain and Portugal? What obstacles did new Latin American nations face in the 19th century?