1. Types of Science:

2. What is Science???
Study of a topic that seeks to understand and explain the universe around us.
Requires experimentation and is supported by evidence

3. Pure vs. Applied Science:
Pure: science to uncover new information about the world (basic research)
Applied: using information to make discoveries to improve living conditions (technology; medicine)

4. What do experiments need?

5. What do experiments need?

6. Key Terms:
Control Group: group that doesn’t receive experimental treatment; used for comparison
Variable:
Independent: conditions you choose/manipulate
Experimental: the one independent variable that you are testing
Dependent: what you measure; data you collect

7. Key Terms:
Sample Size: number of subjects that you run your experiment on
Sampling Error: error that arises from testing too few subjects (too low a sample size)

8. Example experiment: You want to determine what the optimal amount of water is for plants. You set up 4 identical corn plants and give them each different amounts of water over two weeks.
Plant 1: no water
Plant 2: ½ liter
Plant 3: 1 liter
Plant 4: 1.5 liter
Collect data, draw a conclusion

9. Which plant is the control?
What is the sample size?
What is the dependent variable?
What are some independent variables?
What is the experimental variable?
Is the experimental variable an independent or dependent variable?

10. What is the difference between your data and your conclusion??
Think about this when identifying the dependent variable. It is your DATA not your conclusion!!

11. Scientific Method You notice something (Observation)
It makes you wonder, why? Or How? (Ask a Question/State your Problem)
You think about it for a while. Based on the knowledge you have, you think you have an idea, but aren’t sure
(Form a Hypothesis)
You decide to test out your idea (Experiment)
New Hypothesis
You look at the results of your tests.
(Data analysis)
Does it look like your hypothesis was right?
Or do your results suggest something else?
Support of Hypothesis
After many repetitions of the tests by you and other “observers”, all of which continue to support your hypothesis,
Hypothesis becomes a
Theory

12. Is a Theory Fact??

13. Is a Theory Fact??
A theory is the most rational explanation for a phenomenon based on CURRENT data and evidence.
Supported by majority