1. America As a World Power
Chapter 10
Section 4

2. Quick Write
Write how you would resolve a conflict between two friends. Then write how the US would try to resolve a conflict between two countries.
Share with a partner when you are done.

3. Standards
Discuss America’s role in the Panama Revolution and the building of the Panama Canal.
Explain Theodore Roosevelt’s Big Stick diplomacy

5. Teddy Roosevelt Against Europeans interfering in American affairs
Did not want Europe to control the worlds political and economic destiny
Why do you think Roosevelt was so popular?

6. Roosevelt the Peace Maker
War between Russia and Japan broke out in 1904
Japan was winning war but also running out of supplies and men
Japan secretly approached Roosevelt and asked to negotiate peace
In 1905 both countries met in Portsmouth, New Hampshire

7. Roosevelt the Peace Maker
Roosevelt’s charm helped to make things more relaxed
Roosevelt successfully negotiated a peace treaty
Won him the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize
Helped to set role for US in East Asia
Japan agreed to respect US interests in Asia and Pacific

8. Treaty of Portsmouth: 1905

9. Panama Canal
Roosevelt in Panama

10. Panama Canal
Many American felt that the US needed a canal to cut across South America
Would greatly reduce travel time
Hay-Pauncefote Treaty of 1901, Britain gave rights to US to build canal through Central America

11. Panama Canal
French sent Philippe Banau-Varilla to Washington to try to sell the French route to US
US bought for 40 million in 1903
Had to get permission from Colombia before starting
Banau-Varilla helped organize a rebellion against Colombia when they failed to agree

12. Panama Canal
November 3, 1903 nearly a dozen US warships were present as Panama declared independence
15 days later Panama and US sign a treaty to build canal
$250,000 annual rent, $10 million upfront
Payments start in 1913

14. Constructing the Canal
One of the world’s greatest engineering accomplishments
Builders fought disease such as yellow fever and malaria
Work began in 1904
By 1913 more then 43,000 worker, some came from Europe however most were black
More then 5,600 workers died

15. Constructing the Canal
Total cost to United States was about $380 million
August 15, 1914 canal opened for business, more than 1,000 merchant ships passed through during first year
US-Latin America relations damaged
1921 Congress pays Colombia $25 million for lost territory

17. The Roosevelt Corollary
Financial factors drew US into Latin America
Roosevelt feared Europe may interfere since many had borrowed from Europe
Roosevelt wanted US to be dominant power in Latin America
Reminded European powers of Monroe Doctrine which was issued in 1823
“Speak Softly Carry a Big Stick” was Roosevelt’s way of handling things

18. Monroe Doctrine

19. The Roosevelt Corollary
Warned that the disorder in Latin America might force the US to exercise international police power
In other words it said that the US would now use force to protect economic interests in Latin America

20. Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick

21. Dollar Diplomacy 1911 rebellion almost bankrupted Nicaragua
President Taft arranged for American bankers to loan Nicaragua enough money to pay its debts
In return Nicaragua customs duties were collected
Gained control of railroad and national bank
Citizens revolted against this in Nicaragua

22. Dollar Diplomacy
US sent 2,000 marines to Nicaragua to keep Diaz in charge
Some marines stayed till 1933
Dollar diplomacy was using the US government to guarantee loans made to foreign countries by American bankers
Was often justified by saying it kept European powers out of Latin America and Caribbean

23. Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy

24. Wilson’s Missionary Diplomacy
US had moral responsibility to deny recognition of any Latin American government that was oppressive, undemocratic or hostile to US interests according to the United States
Mexican revolution would test Wilson’s Policy

25. Mexican Revolution
Mexico ruled by dictator for 3 decades named Porfirio Diaz
He was a friend of the US because he encouraged investors to invest in his country
1911 Mexican peasants and workers led by Francisco Madero overthrew Diaz
Madero promised reform but was unable to satisfy

26. Mexican Revolution
Two years later General Victorian Huerta took over government
Madero was murdered within days
Wilson refused to recognize government calling it “a government of butchers”

27. Intervention in Mexico
US waited for opportunity
April 1914 Huerta’s officer arrested a small group of American sailors
Mexico released and apologized but it was too late
Wilson used as an excuse to intervene and sent marines to occupy Veracruz a important port city
18 marines and at least 200 Mexicans died

28. Intervention in Mexico
Argentina, Brazil and Chile stepped in to mediate conflict
Neither side agreed to terms drew up
Huerta regime soon collapsed
Venustiano Carranza became president and Wilson withdrew troops and recognized new government

29. Rebellion Again
Rebels led by Francisco “Panch” Villa and Emiliano Zapata oppose Carraza’s government
Villa tried to get US to side
January 1916 Villa’s men took Americans off a train and shot them
Two months later raided Columbus, New Mexico and killed 17 Americans

30. Chasing Villa
General John J. Pershing and 15,000 soldiers sent to capture Villa
A year later Wilson called on 150,000 National Guardsmen
Border conflicts occurred between Mexico and US deaths on both sides made war look inevitable
Fear of war in Europe caused US troops to withdraw in 1917

32. U. S. Interventions in Latin America: 1898-1920s