1. Pregnancy and Nutrition November 16, 2005

2. Healthy Pregnancy The foods eaten before and during pregnancy help prepare the body to support the growth of a baby. Sensible eating gives a baby the best chance for a healthy beginning.

3. First Trimester 0 to 12 weeks 6 weeks baby size of a pea 7-8 weeks major organs are partly formed –Amniotic sac –Placenta

4. Second Trimester 13 to 28 weeks Baby starts to hear Sex organs are maturing Hair grows Can cough or hiccup Activity Drink plenty of fluids and eat sensibly

5. Third Trimester 29-40 weeks Most of his or her maturing Brain cells are growing very fast Calcium is needed for bone and tooth growth

6. Important Nutrients Iron Folic Acid Calcium and Vitamin D

7. Iron Needed for: –Red blood cell production, anemia prevention Best sources: –Lean red meat –Spinach –Iron fortified whole-grain breads and cereals Best sources: –Lean red meat –Spinach –Iron fortified whole-grain breads and cereals

8. Folic Acid Needed for: –Blood and protein production. –Effective enzyme function. –Prevention of neural tube defects. Best sources: –Green leafy vegetables –Dark yellow fruits and vegetables –Beans –Peas –Nuts

9. Calcium & Vitamin D Needed for: –Strong bones and teeth –Absorption of Calcium Best sources: –Calcium Milk Cheese Yogurt Spinach –Vitamin D Sun Fortified foods

10. Other Foods Caffeine –Very high intakes may be harmful to your baby’s development Herbal Teas and Herbs –Can act like drugs Alcohol –Avoid all Water –Drink six to eight glasses of fluid per day

11. Fruits and Vegetables Lots of Vitamins and Minerals Fiber Folic Acid At least 5 per day

12. Eating for Two 6 to 11 servings of breads and other whole grains 3 to 5 servings of vegetables 2 to 4 servings of fruits 4 to 6 servings of milk and milk products 3 to 4 servings of meat and protein foods 6 to 8 glasses of water no more than one soft drink or cup of coffee per day to limit caffeine

13. Where does the weight go? 7.5 lbs 7 lbs 4 lbs 2 lbs 1.5 lbs Average baby’s weight Extra stored protein, fat, and other nutrients Extra blood Other extra body fluids Breast enlargement Uterus enlargement Amniotic fluid Placenta

14. How many extra calories? Approximately 300 extra calories per day. –Proteins –Carbohydrates –Fats –Vitamins –Minerals –Plenty of water

15. What should you avoid? Alcohol Caffeine Soft, unpasteurized cheese –Feta, goat, brie, camembert, and blue cheese Unpasteurized milk, juices, and apple cider Raw eggs Raw or undercooked meats, fish, or shellfish Processed meat

16. How can you know if you’re eating well during pregnancy? Gain 4-6 pounds in first trimester. And 1 pound a week during the 2nd and 3rd trimester. Good variety Balance of nutritious foods.

17. A joint project of Food Services Branch and Health & Human Services Branch. A message from the California Department of Health and Human Services. Funding provided by USDA's Food Stamp Program. This institution is an equal opportunity provider and employer, helping limited income Californians buy more nutritious foods for a healthier diet. For more information about Food stamps, please call (323) 418-2440.