1. The smallest unit of life that can perform all life processes.
Cell
The smallest unit
of life that can
perform all life processes.

2. CHOGER
“Life is macromolecules that can perform unique functions because they are enclosed in a structural compartment that is separate from the external environment. This separation allows living things to maintain a constant internal environment (homeostasis)”.
Purves, pg. 61
and the Cell

3. “little wretched beasties”
Antone van Leeuwenhoek - lenses

4. “cells”
Robert Hooke

5. The Cell Theory (3 parts)
Matthias Schleiden (botonist)
Theodor Schwann (zoologist)
1. All organisms are made of one or more cells.
2. The cell is the basic unit of all living things.

6. 3. All cells come from pre-existing cells
All organisms are made of one or more cells
The cell is the basic unit of all living things
Redi – spontaneous generation
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells
Pasteur – spontaneous generation

7. Structure and Function
2 types of cells
eukaryote
prokaryote
Cells that have a membrane around their nucleus.
Cells that DO NOT have a cell membrane around their nucleus.
Plant and Animal Cells
Example – Bacteria
Eukaryote cells usually 10X larger than Prokaryote cells.

9. eukaryotic cells The basic Eukaryotic cell contains:
Plasma membrane around their nucleus
Cytoplasm (the semi fluid substance inside the membrane.
A cytoskeleton – gives it shape, and allows for the cell’s motion.
Has membrane enclosed organelles.

10. the plasma membrane fluid mosaic model
Lipid bilayer with embedded proteins

11. plant cell wall
cellulose

12. cell wall

14. Cells r Us

15. structure and function
Cell Review:
structure and function

16. animal cell
plant cell

17. nucleus
ribosome
golgi
apparatus
lysosome
mitochondria

18. nucleus

19. the nucleus
contains the genetic material

21. endomembrane system

22. endoplasmic reticulum

23. rough ER transports newly synthesized proteins alters proteins
folds into tertiary structures

24. smooth ER site for synthesis of lipids and steroids
site for hydrolysis of glycogen
modifies (detox.) small molecules

25. golgi apparatus recieves proteins from ER – further modifications
Concentrates, packages, sorts proteins
Polysacc. for plant cell walls synthesized

26. secreting side
flow of
material
receiving side

28. Vesicles and vacuoles
The function and importance of vacuoles varies greatly according to the type of cell in which they are present.

29. functions of the vacuole include:
Isolating materials that might be harmful or a threat to the cell.
Breaking down products taken into the cell to be used in metabolism.
Exporting unwanted substances from the cell.
Allows plants to support structures such as leaves and flowers.
Exporting manufactured products from the cell.

30. endocytosis and exocytosis
taking in
expelling
pinocytosis
phagocytosis
Uses energy
Encloses material in vesicles

33. special vesicles and vacuoles
lysosomes
contain hydrolytic enzymes - break down cellular waste products, fats, carbohydrates, proteins, and other macromolecules into simple compounds, which are then transferred back into the cytoplasm as new cell-building materials

34. autophagy - recycles the cell's organic material

35. special vesicles and vacuoles
peroxisomes
the most common vesicle in cells
found in all eukaryotes
contain enzymes to rid the cell of hydrogen peroxide (convert the hydrogen peroxide to water)
some detoxify alcohol and other harmful compounds by transferring hydrogen from the poisons to molecules of oxygen (oxidation).
others initiate production of phospholipids

36. special vesicles and vacuoles
Helps maintain homeostasis for water balance (osmotic equilibrium)
central vacuole
contractile vacuole

37. central vacuole (plants ONLY)
Maintaining internal hydrostatic pressure or turgor within the cell

39. contractile vacuole (animals ONLY)
found in certain unicellular organisms
pumps fluid from in the cell to the outside by alternately filling and then contracting

41. ribosomes
site of protein synthesis

43. mitochondria

44. chloroplasts

47. microfilaments & microtubules

49. microfilaments - actin
intermediate filaments – protein polymers such as keratin

50. microtubules - conveyer belts inside the cells
They move vesicles, granules and organelles via special attachment proteins. They also serve a cytoskeletal role.
Structurally, they are linear polymers of tubulin (a globular protein).
The tubulin molecules are the bead like structures.  Microtubules may work alone, or join with other proteins to form cilia, flagella or centrioles.

54. centrioles

56. Molecular "tags" on microtubules direct traffic inside cells

58. lab time