1. Unit A: 1.2 Matter is made of atoms
Identify the smallest particles of matter
How atoms combine into molecules
How atoms and molecules move

2. Atoms The basic unit of matter
All matter made of different types and arrangements of atoms
Building blocks: atoms are the small parts that make up a larger structure.
“Matter is not something that contains atoms. Matter IS atoms.”

3. Atoms
Extremely small: take above shape – pretend an atom is blown up to this size, how large would the pin be?
It’d cover 90 mi2 (1/7 the area of London; Catalina Island = 76 mi2), 80 miles high (15x Mt. Everest)
Too small for a light microscope
Spoonful of water contains 500,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms
How to find the mass of an atom?
Find the mass of a large amount of a substance and divide it by the number of atoms to estimate the mass of one atom
Add up mass of all atoms in the spoonful of water: m = 5g

4. (Unit B, Atomic Structure)

5. Mini-lab: How small is an atom?
How small is an atom? How small is a cell?
Investigate the world of the very small by cutting a 28 centimeter (11 inch) strip of paper in half as many times as you can. If you can cut the strip of paper in half 31 times you will end up with a piece of paper the size of an atom!
MATERIALS
1 strip of paper 28 centimeters long (11" inches)
1 pair of scissors
PROCEDURE
Take your strip of paper and cut it into equal halves.
Cut one of the remaining pieces of paper into equal halves. (# each cut 1, 2, 3, 4…)
Continue to cut the strip into equal halves as many times as you can.
Make all cuts parallel to the first one.

6. How far did we get? Some comparisons
Cut 1
14.0 cm
5.5" (inches)
Child's hand, pockets
Cut 2
7.0 cm
2.75"
Fingers, ears, toes
Cut 3
3.5 cm
1.38"
Watch, mushroom, eye
Cut 4
1.75 cm
.69"
Keyboard keys, rings, insects
Cut 6
.44 cm
.17"
Poppy seeds
Cut 8
1 mm
.04"
Thread. Congratulations if your still in!
Cut 10
.25 mm
.01"
Still cutting? Most have quit by now
Cut 12
.06 mm
.002"
Microscopic range, human hair
Cut 14
.015 mm
.006"
Width of paper, microchip components
Cut 18
1 micron
.0004"
Water purification openings, bacteria
Cut 19
.5 micron
"
Visible light waves
Cut 24
.015 micron
"
Electron microscope range, membranes
Cut 31
.0001 micron
"
The size of an Atom!

7. Is there anything smaller?
Yes, an atom’s nucleus is ~41 cuts! Electrons are 9,000 times smaller than this! These things are far beyond the range of sensory perception, but not beyond the range of human understanding.

8. Molecules What makes up substances besides atoms and molecules?
Atoms (or combinations of atoms, molecules) are the only matter in a substance…there is empty space between atoms but it is too small to see and has no mass
When two or more atoms bond together
Atoms can be the same or different
Ex: water = 2 hydrogen atoms, 1 oxygen atom
Ex: hydrogen gas = 2 hydrogen atoms
Ex: Vitamin E = 29 Carbon, 50 H, 2 O
Same atoms, different # = different substance
Oxygen (2 O  O2) and Ozone (3 O  O3)

9. Particles + Particles = Atoms   
Atoms + Atoms = Molecules   
Molecules + Molecules = Matter

10. Motion of Atoms and Molecules
Atoms and Molecules are constantly
in motion
colliding with other atoms and molecules
Not as obvious with solids, but they are still moving…
States of matter 1.4