1. 2012 GMU Patriot Debate Institute

2. What is states cp?  Fiats the 50 states governments/Washington D.C./relevant territories to do plan action.  Variations  Do every parts of the aff.  Do something similar to the aff (advantage cp?)  Lopez CP/Devolution CP  Federal action that induces state action (Normal means for the Trust Funds/Tiger Program)  States Courts CP vs Courts affirmatives.

3. States/Local Gov’t and Transportation Policy  Expanded Federal roles--$52 millions annually for highway/mass transit—represents 45% of total investments  Constitutional Limits  Article 1, Section8—”To establish Post Offices and post- Roads”  Lobby groups/Representatives from Western region=>greater financial assistance. (Failed because of debts/federalism issues)  1800’s=many states =>land grants  1900’s=surface transportation funding increased, “Good Roads” movements (automobile ownerships)  Federal-Aid Road Act of 1916—carefully designed to avoid constitutional issues.

4. States/Local Gov’t and Transportation Policy  The Federal Highway Act of 1921—created a state-centered approach grant programs— avoid constitutional issues. (Voluntary)  Increased federal funding, but limited to some primary highways.  Interstate commerce/promotion of general welfare=eligibility issues.

5. States/Local Gov’t and Transportation Policy  Subsequent reauthorization-increased demand for federal investment (if one part falls, then the rest falls)  1944—abandonment of constitutional constraints on program eligibility—expansion of federal power.

6. States/Local Gov’t and Transportation Policy  Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956—authorized the construction of National Interstate Highways.  Funding Mechanism—the Highway Trust Fund/Gasoline Tax  Expanded and solidified the federal government’s role

7. Devolution CP  Fiats elimination of all federal transportation responsibilities—shift it to the state. (Lopez?) Local governments implements the plan.  Terms:  Devolution: Shifting responsibilities to lower level of governments; decentralization  PPP: Public-Private Partnerships—a project that is funded through partnership between a government and a private company.

8. Negative Strategy  CP Solvency—Diverse solvency/tricks—many aff will rely on funding/networking arguments.  Net-benefits  Politics DA/Elections DA  Spending DA  Privatization DA  Federalism DA  Solvency Turns  Earmarks/Federal Investment Fails (Solvency Take- out)

9. Federalism DA  Balance between the states and federal power—the 10 th amendment of the constitution  Transportation decentralization strategy key to overall spillover  CP generates uniqueness—injects federalism into the transportation/fiscal duties.  Impacts: FREEDOM!!!!!

10. A2:Permutation  Net-benefits—1% risk calculus  Crowd-out private investments  Takes out solvency  Mutually exclusive  CP alone solves better  “laboratory of democracy”=innovation/experimentation  Less magnification of solvency deficit

11. 2AC: Answering States CP  Solvency take-out=federal government’s traditional role—neg evidence is THEORETICAL!  Permutation  Reduce the risk of the net-benefit/Impact turn or internal link turn net benefits  Theory  Framing: solvency deficit outweighs net- benefit.

12. THEORY  Utopian fiat: 50 States never do stuff in uniform/Object fiat  Multi-actor fiat: More agents/unfair burden  No solvency advocate: not 50 states should do the same thing  Topic education: Hurts—federal government vs state, not the core of the topic.