1. Body Organization

2. Anatomy vs. Physiology LT#1
Anatomy is the study of structure of body parts & their relation to one another
Physiology is the study of the function of the body’s structural machinery
Structure of an organ suits its function

3. Atoms
Molecules
Macromolecules
Cells w/organelles
Tissues
Organs
Organ Systems
Organism
LT#2

4. Levels of Organization – pg 2 LT#2
Chemical – atoms combined to form molecules
Cellular – cells are made of molecules
Tissue – consists of similar types of cells
Organ – made up of different types of tissues
Organ system – consists of different organs that work closely together
Organism – made up of the organ systems

5. Anatomical Position LT#3
Standing erect
Face forward
Arms at the sides
Palms and toes forward

6. Planes of the body LT#3

7. Relative positions of the body LT#3
Superior / inferior –which plane?
Anterior / posterior –which plane?
Medial / lateral –which plane?
Proximal / distal –which plane?
Superficial / deep –which plane?
Central / peripheral –which plane?

8. Regions of the body SQ5 Gross Anatomy = macroscopic
Axial – head, neck, trunk
Appendicular – limbs (arms & legs)

9. Body cavities LT#4 Dorsal = 1 Ventral = 2 Cranial cavity Spinal cavity
Thoracic
Pleural cavity
Pericardial cavity
Abdominopelvic
Abdominal
Pelvic

10. Organs within body cavities LT#5
Dorsal / posterior – brain & spinal cord
Ventral / anterior – chest & abdomen
Chest – thoracic cavity: heart & lungs
Diaphram divides thorax / abdomen
Abdominopelvic cavity – digestive organs, kidneys, bladder, gonads

11. Organ systems & associated organs LT#6
Integumentary sys – skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands
Skeletal sys – bones, cartilage, ligaments, red & yellow marrow
Muscular sys – skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle
Nervous sys – brain, spinal cord, sense organs
Endocrine sys – hormone secreting glands, like gonads

12. Organ systems & associated organs LT#6 (continued)
Circulatory sys – heart, blood vessels, lymph
Lymphatic sys – disease fighting = immune system
Respiratory sys – lungs, bronchial tubes
Digestive sys – mouth (teeth, tongue, salivary glands), esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, liver, gall bladder, pancreas
Reproductive sys – gonads, external sex organs

13. Functions of the organ systems LT#7
Integumentary – protection, temperature control, senses
Skeletal – support, protection, blood production, mineral storage
Muscular – movement, fight/flight response
Nervous – perception, information processing, responses
Endocrine – produces hormones to regulate all functions

14. Functions of the organ systems LT#7 (continued)
Circulatory – transport nutrients, eliminate waste
Lymphatic – disease fighting
Respiratory – oxygen in, carbon dioxide out
Digestive – receives & processes nutrients
Reproductive – perpetuation of the species

15. Homeostasis & how to maintain it LT#8
Keeping the body’s internal environment fairly constant: [glucose 0.1%], pH 7.4, BP 120/80, temperature ~37 C (98.6 F)
Negative feedback (fig 1.9 p 13)
Positive feedback

16. Negative feedback – the output shuts off the original stimulus

17. e.g. regulation of blood glucose

18. Positive feedback – output exaggerates the original stimulus – e. g
Positive feedback – output exaggerates the original stimulus – e.g. regulation of blood clotting

19. Disease: Local vs. Systemic LT#9
A breakdown in normal self-regulation – homeostasis fails!
Local – restricted to a certain body part (e.g. UTI – urinary tract infection)
Systemic – entire body affected or at least several organ systems
Acute vs. chronic / sudden, short vs. less severe & longer duration

20. Name the 4 quadrants of the abdominopelvic cavity
Name the 4 quadrants of the abdominopelvic cavity. Divide it into the 9 regions. SQ#7

22. 9 abdomminopelvic regions SQ#7

24. Answer the following questions
Organ donation – the application piece. Please read the Medical Focus on p. 10.
Answer the following questions
Why is organ donation fairly successful? (2 reasons)
How many organs can be given from 1 person?
What is problematic about organ donation?
What are the requirements for donation?
How are organs distributed?

25. Organ donation reflection (10pts)
Write a brief reflection about how you feel about organ donation. Would you do it? Have you done it already?
What about the film 7 Pounds? Would you want to prescreen your donations?