1. Mental Health

2. Normal Emotional Responses  Behavior  Mental health  Mental illness

3. Historical Overview  Possession by evil spirits  Shaman or medicine men  Greco-Roman era  Hippocrates & Humoral Theory

5.  Dark Ages  Bedlam  17-18 century

7.  1731 America

8. 

9.  1773: 1 st psychiatric hospital  Linda Richards  Committee for Mental Hygiene  ECT/Insulin shock  Frontal lobotomy

10.  1940’s  1950’s  Deinstitutionalization  OBRA  21 st Century

12. Factors Affecting Mental Health  Heredity  Childhood nurturing  Life’s circumstances  Positive influences  Negative influences

13. Mental Health Continuum  Illness side  Midpoint side  Wellness side

14. Personality and Self-concept  Personality  Erik Erikson  Sigmund Freud

15. Freud’s Structural Theory Of Personality  Id - pleasure principle  Ego - reality principle  Superego - conscience

16. Self-Concept  Personal identity  Body image  Role  Self-esteem

17. Stress / Stressor  Subjective feeling of tension (stress)  Environmental events (stressor)

18. Anxiety  What is it??  Levels  What influences anxiety?  Events that may cause anxiety are?

19. Coping  Way the mind responds to awareness's that are challenging or threatening

20. Effective vs. Ineffective Coping  Ineffective coping mechanisms are major cause of mental disorders

21. Resources For Effective Coping  Good problem solving ability  Prior experience  Adequate knowledge about cause of stressor

22.  Available support  Adequate sleep, nutrition and physical hygiene

23. Adaptation  Process of coping effectively with one’s social environment

24. Defense Mechanisms  Unconscious process  Activated when conscious coping mechanisms unable to manage anxiety

25.  Increase sense of security  Protect the self esteem  Assist in solving emotional dilemmas

26. Types of Defense Mechanisms

27. Defense Mechanisms Collaborative Assignment  Work in groups and discuss situations where each Defense Mechanism may be used by patients.

28. Defense Mechanism Class Assignment  Provide an example for the Defense Mechanisms assigned to your group.   Discuss possible nursing interventions which may be applicable.

29. ILLNESS  What is “illness” ??  How does it affect mental health??  What are common behaviors with illness?

30. Crisis  What is it??  What are “secondary gains” of illness?  What is “an identity crisis?  How can we help?

31. PUT YOUR THINKING CAP ON….  What elements would you observe when assessing your patient’s emotional status???