1. Study of Biology copyright cmassengale1

2. What is Biology? Biology is the study of all living things Living things are called organisms Organisms include bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, & animals copyright cmassengale2

3. All Living Things Share Common Characteristics 1.Basic Unit is the Cell 2.They Reproduce 3.All Based On Universal Genetic Code (DNA) 4.Grow & Develop copyright cmassengale3

4. Common Characteristics 5.Obtain & Use Materials & Energy 6.Respond To Their Environment 7.Maintain A Stable Internal Environment 8.AS A GROUP, Living Things Evolve, That Is They Change Over Time copyright cmassengale4

5. Characteristics of Organisms copyright cmassengale5

6. All Organisms are made of Cells copyright cmassengale6

7. Facts About Cells Cells are the smallest living unit of an organism All cells contain living material called cytoplasm All cells are surrounded by a cell membrane that controls what enters & leaves the cell copyright cmassengale7

8. More Cell Facts Cells are complex & highly organized Cells have parts called organelles that do different jobs e.g. Chloroplasts in plants make sugars copyright cmassengale8

9. More Cell Facts The simplest cells are called Prokaryotes These cells DO NOT have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles Bacteria are examples copyright cmassengale9

10. More Cell Facts More complex cells are called Eukaryotes These cells DO have a nucleus and membrane- bound organelles Plants, animals, protists, & fungi are examples copyright cmassengale10

11. Organisms are Grouped by their Number of Cells Unicellular Organisms – Living Organism Made Up Of One Cell Multicellular Organisms – Living Organism Made Up Of Many, Specialized Cells copyright cmassengale11

12. Organisms Reproduce to Pass on their Genetic Traits copyright cmassengale12

13. Two Types of Reproduction Sexual Reproduction Involves 2 parents Egg fertilized by sperm to make a ZYGOTE Offspring DIFFERENT from parents copyright cmassengale13

14. Two Types of Reproduction Asexual Reproduction Involves a single organism or cell Cell divides Offspring IDENTICAL to parent copyright cmassengale14

15. Cells Have a Genetic Code copyright cmassengale15

16. Genetic Code DNA (deoxyribose nucleic acid) carries the genetic code for all organisms All organisms contain DNA DNA codes for the proteins that make up cells & do all the work copyright cmassengale16

17. Organisms Grow & Develop copyright cmassengale17

18. Growth & Development Organisms grow by producing MORE CELLS & by cell ENLARGEMENT Organisms develop as they mature into an adult organism copyright cmassengale18

19. Cells Require Food & Energy copyright cmassengale19

20. Food Requirements Autotrophs can make their own food Photoautotrophs use sunlight to make food (photosynthesis) Chemoautotrophs use chemicals such as iron & sulfur as their energy copyright cmassengale20

21. Food Requirements Heterotrophs can NOT make their own food They must consume other organisms Herbivores eat plants Carnivores eat meat Omnivores eat plants & animals copyright cmassengale21

22. Metabolism Sum of all the chemical reactions in an organism All require energy Sunlight is the ultimate energy for life on Earth copyright cmassengale22

23. Metabolism Cellular Respiration – Cells releasing the chemical energy stored in foods 6O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O copyright cmassengale23

24. Organisms Respond to Stimuli Organisms Respond to stimuli (Temperature, Water, Food Supplies, etc.) In Order To Survive & Reproduce copyright cmassengale24

25. Homeostasis Keeping The Internal Environment (Homeostasis) Of The Cell or Organism Within The Ranges Required For Life Stable internal conditions of pH, temperature, water balance, etc. copyright cmassengale25

26. Living Things Evolve Groups Of Organisms (Not Individuals) Change Over Time In Order To Survive Within Changing Environments. Fossil records show changes in groups of organisms copyright cmassengale26

27. Life is Organized on Several Levels copyright cmassengale27

28. Levels Atoms Molecules Organelles Cells – life starts here Tissues Organs System Organism copyright cmassengale28

29. Levels Population Community Ecosystem Biosphere copyright cmassengale29

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