1. CONSERVATION STRATEGIES

2. EX-SITU and IN-SITU In – situ Ex – situ Examples
inside
outside
site
site
Examples
Captive breeding – zoos
Botanic gardens
Seed banks
Example
Nature reserves
National Parks
Marine Parks
Biosphere Reserves

3. SEED BANKS Seeds collected and stored -10ºC to -20ºC
Remain viable for many years but not forever!!
So … will need to be germinated and grown to produce replacement seeds

4. BOTANIC GARDENS e.g. Royal Botanic Gardens of Kew
Many different species of plants are grown
Gardens and greenhouses

5. CAPTIVE BREEDING PROGRAMS
i.e. zoos
Animals are caught and put in a zoo
Encouraged to breed
When numbers are high enough, can be released back into the wild
e.g. Prezwalski horse

6. NATURE RESERVES Species is conserved in its natural habitat
May be terrestrial or marine
Disadvantages
May not be safe to leave very rare species in the wild
Habitat loss forces removal of threatened species
Ex-situ measures
Advantages
Species remain adapted to habitat
Greater genetic diversity conserved
Natural behavior patterns maintained
Interactions between species help whole ecosystem

7. MANAGEMENT ISSUES
Elimination of alien species (particularly predators and invasive plants)
Restoration of degraded areas
Implementation of measures to encourage threatened species (e.g. supplementary feeding)
Controlling human exploitation e.g. hunting

8. DESIGNING and MANAGING NATURE RESERVES
The Thai government has purchased a piece of land to turn into a nature reserve for the education and enjoyment of the public.
Your organisation has been given the task of designing and managing the reserve.
You must consider how to address the management issues covered in the previous slide as well as how to incorporate the needs of vistors to the reserve.

10. INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES and MEASURES
Research one of the following agencies or conservation measures and report back to the class on the role it plays in international conservation efforts.
CITES – Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
WWF – World Wildlife Fund
IUCN – World Conservation Union
Convention on Biological Diversity
UNEP – United Nations Environment Programme