1. The Nation Breaking Apart (1820-1860)
A House Divided
The Nation Breaking Apart ( )

2. Sectionalism and Compromise
North was based on industry and small, white farmers
South relied on plantation agriculture, slave labor as well as farmers
Compromise used to settle differences

3. Missouri Compromise
Created in 1820 to determine future expansion of slavery
Missouri entered Union as slave state
Maine’s statehood kept the balance between free and slave states in Senate

4. Missouri Compromise
Compromise stated that 36º 30’ N. latitude would be the dividing line of slavery expansion west into territories
Areas south of line would have slavery while those north would not

5. Missouri Compromise

6. Compromise of 1850 Needed to organize new land from Mexico
Proposed by Henry Clay and included 4 major points:
Slavery not excluded from Utah and New Mexico territories, voters would decide issue

7. Compromise of 1850 California admitted as free state
Strict Fugitive Slave Law passed
Slave trade abolished in District of Columbia
Each item passed as separate bill

8. Fugitive Slave Law Included in Compromise of 1850
Southern states wanted Northern support in returning slaves
Northerners had been using Underground Railroad to help escaped slaves get to Canada

9. Fugitive Slave Law
Law said all citizens had to help catch and return runaway slaves
Brutally enforced by slaveowners
Southerners saw law as important to nation
Hated and avoided by many in North

10. Fugitive Slave Law

11. Kansas-Nebraska Act
Created in 1854 to pave way for transcontinental railroad
Repealed Missouri Compromise and used popular sovereignty
Idea promoted by Stephen Douglas that citizens could determine their own destiny
Passed with Southern support because of possibility of slavery

12. Kansas-Nebraska Act Northerners against act formed Republican Party
Settlers fought over slavery in Kansas causing “Bleeding Kansas”
Two governments struggled for control of the state

13. Kansas-Nebraska Act

14. Dred Scott Decision
Scott, a slave, brought by master to Illinois and Wisconsin
Sued for freedom since he had been in free state and territory
Supreme Court ruled in 1857 that Scott was not a citizen and was still a slave

15. Dred Scott Decision
Court also ruled that Congress could not determine slavery in territories
Republicans despised decision and sought to gain control of Supreme Court

16. Dred Scott Decision
Dred Scott

17. John Brown’s Raid
Brown, who fought in Kansas, was an extreme abolitionist
Wanted to start slave rebellion
Attacked arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, VA on October 16, 1859 to gain weapons for revolt
Captured after no slaves joined him

18. John Brown’s Raid Brown tried for treason and hanged
Many in North praised him as hero
Southerners were horrified and wondered how they could share a country with such people.
John Brown

19. Election of 1860 Democrats split over slavery
Northern Dems wanted popular sovereignty
Southern Dems wanted protection of slavery in territories
Breckinridge
Douglas

20. Election of 1860
Republicans called for limiting spread of slavery; NOT ending it.
Constitutional Union Party favored compromise and avoided slavery
Lincoln
Bell

21. Election of 1860

22. What will happen now?
Southern states scared Lincoln will outlaw slavery
High mistrust between North and South
ANSWER Q’s AS SECESSION
If Southern states don’t like president, what could they do? (Write/Share/Gesture)

23. Secession – removing from Union

24. Is secession legal?
Can states just up and leave the Union when they want to?
What should Lincoln do?
Southern states claim to be new nation (Confederate States of Amer.)
New president is Jefferson Davis
(Write/Share/Gesture)

25. What about North Carolina?
What should North Carolina do? Should it secede too?
Yes=show support for neighbor states & protect slavery
No=stay loyal to U.S.; slavery not that big of a deal
(Write/Share/Gesture)

26. Open NC Textbook to p. 333
Read 1st paragraph in Reactions in NC out loud as class with gestures

27. Fort Sumter
Why did NC not secede at same time as SC? (Write/Share/Gesture)
April 12, 1861 – SC troops attack Fort Sumter in Charleston
Read 2nd paragraph as class
Read 3rd paragraph as class

28. NC secedes to join CSA
What was the final straw that made NC decide to secede? (Write/Share/Gesture)
How was NC unique among Southern states in the way it felt about the war? (Write/Share/Gesture)