1. 1 diplobion haplobion M kuncup P sel induk REPRODUCTION GENETIC OF LIFE CYCLE K

2. Diploid x 10 -6/ /ml Jenis sel (%) Strain B,C,Y,Z auxotrophic mutant haploid aC X  Z 2 hours later + aB &  Y diploidaC/  Z aC/  Y aB/  Z aB/  Y factor   hormone for copulation factor a a jam Function of factor  : 1. Aglutination: cell of compatible mating type attached occur 30-60 mnt before cells stop to grow or modify their shape 2. Aglutination stopped the growth of the cell at G1 phase before DNA synthesis and bud formation ( sikloheksimid stopped aglutination) +factor  - factor  cell a, uninukleat budding cell a, uninukleat not buddding jam 2

3. Log sel/ml DNA synthesis With factor  Without factor  Total cell Total DNA Faktor  stop Model of mating regulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae 3

4. 4 MAT a MAT  Biosyntheses of a-factor and alpha factor MATING TYPE PHENOTYPE idiomorph MAT a1 MAT  W W X X Ya Z1Z1 Z2Z2 YY Z2Z2 Z1Z1 642 bp Cell of mating type a tipe kawin  1427 bp Control other mating type gene and gamet conjugation 327 bp   a 1 747 bp

5. WX Y  ZX YaZWX Y  Z X YaZW ZWX Y  Z HML  HMR aMAT a HMR aMAT  HML  HMR a MAT  MAT a HML  Mating type switching: casette model Homology mat, HML dan HMR = silence Cassette interchange Gene HO formed enzyme Y/Z endonuklease cut the border of Y/Z strain HO + (homothallic) switch their mating type strain HO - (heterothallic) do not switch their mating type Product of gene SIR prohibit HML and HMR cutting 5

6. 6 WXYY Z X YaZ WX Y  Z HMR a MAT  HML  Peran gen SIR SIR 1-4 E E Switching occur in a pair of cellinterconversion occur prior to DNA synthesis HO Y/Z endonuclease produced at G1 phase and unstable (inactive when cutting has occured) HML a HMR  cassette exchange with similar type of cassete  a  aaaa   M G1 S G2 Probability of cell that ever bud formed is 80%, switching a  Gen SIR: prohibit HML & HMR cutting and transcription PROGRAM OF MATING TYPE INTERCONVERSION (only haploid cell) s  s a s 

7. Gen MAT encode pheromone Structure of Pheromone Faktor a dan  ---- peptida Filtrat kultur sel  mengandung 4 peptida: 1212 Trp-His-Trp-Leu-Gin-Leu-Lys-Pro-Gly-Gln-Pro-Met-Tyr-OH His-Trp-Leu-Gin-Leu-Lys-Pro-Gly-Gln-Pro-Met-Tyr-OH  3 =  1  4 =  2 gugus farnesil a2 a3 Tyr-lle-lle-Lys-Gly-Val-Phe-Trp-Asp-Pro-Ala-Cys-OCH 3 Tyr-lle-lle-Cys-Gly-Leu-Phe-Trp-Asp-Pro-Ala-Cys-OCH 3 a  a  bentuk oksidasi dari a2 dan a3 7

8. 8 HORMONE ACCEPTOR AND CARA KERJANYA Mating type a  Mating hormone a-faktor  -faktor Acceptor hormone  -faktor a-faktor Gene encodes acceptor hormone STE2 STE3 Cell surfaceAceeptor hormone Sporulation diploid cell  /aAble to form ascospore MAT a/  function  Experiments: MAT  2 diploid MAT a diploid mat  2 x mat a mat  1 x mat a ----- sporulate MAT a /MAT  diploid : - not mate -  & a factor is not produce - cell not response to  & a factor Not sporulated HO  2/a1 proteinRME IME