1. Ch. 16 IDs

2. 1.) Spoils System
When – Act in which elected politicians give government jobs to friends and supporters
Significance – Causes corruption and incompetence at different government levels and will eventually split the Republican Party

3. 2.) Stalwarts and Half-breeds
What – Stalwarts are Republicans who are in favor of the spoils system while Half-breeds wanted reform
Significance – This divisions will eventually cause the assassination of James Garfield

4. 3.) Garfield/Guiteau
What – Charles Guiteau, a disgruntled Stalwart, shoots and kills President Garfield
When – 1881
Significance – Will turn everyone against the spoils system and lead to the Pendleton Civil Service Act

5. 4.) Pendleton Civil Service Act
What – Legislation that makes people take an aptitude test in order to qualify for a number of government jobs
Significance – Brings an end to the corruption and ineptitude of the spoils system

6. 5.) Wabash v. Illinois
What – Supreme Court ruling that states that the federal government has the right to regulate interstate trade
When – 1886
Significance –
1.) Leads to the creation of the ICC
2.) Inadvertently ends laissez faire economics

7. 6.) Interstate Commerce Commission
What – Government agency created to regulate interstate trade
Significance –
1.) One of the first independent government agencies
2.) Government takes a more active role in regulating the economy

8. 7.) Sherman Antitrust Act
What- Legislation that made trusts illegal
When – 1890
Significance – Sets precedent (Most politicians were too afraid to use it until T. Roosevelt)

9. 8.) The Grange
What – One of the oldest farming organizations in the US
When – 1867
Significance – Will cause farmers to start coming together and forming cooperatives/working together

10. 9.) Farmers’ Alliance What – Large farmer’s exchange When – 1877
Where – Begins in Texas
Significance – Failures of the alliance will cause farmers to get more political/form the Populist Party

11. 10.) Panic of 1873
What – Economic recession caused by railroad failures and the removal of silver from circulation
Significance – Leads to the formation of the Populist Party

12. 11.) Panic of 1893
What – Economic depression caused by failure of multiple railroad companies
Significance – Greatest depression in US to its time

13. 12.) Populist Party
What – Political party consisting mostly of farmers from the Midwest and parts of the South
Significance – Will become very successful in the late 1800s and will introduce a number of reforms that will be passed by later generations

14. 13.) “Front Porch Campaign”
What – William McKinley’s campaign for presidency
When – 1896
Significance – Popular method used in the late 1800s, gives the candidate the image of the “local man” working for everybody

15. 14.) De Facto Segregation What – Segregation by choice
Significance – De facto is seen everywhere and proves to be more difficult to defeat than segregation by law

16. 15.) Jim Crow Laws What – Segregation laws Where – South
Significance – Will lead to the treatment of AA as second-class citizens

17. 16.) Grandfather Clause
What – Law that states that if your grandfather could vote, then you could vote
Significance – Loophole that still kept blacks from voting, while allowing poor whites

18. 17.) Plessy v. Ferguson
What – Court ruling that said segregation was legal
When – 1896
Significance – Creates the “separate but equal” doctrine

19. 18.) Booker T. Washington Who – African American leader Significance –
1.) Creates the Tuskegee Institute
2.) Promoted economic success over immediate political equality (gradualism)

20. 19.) Atlanta Compromise What – Speech made by Booker T. Washington
When – 1895
Significance – Washington introduces his gradualist beliefs

21. 20.) W.E.B. DuBois Who – African American leader Significance –
1.) Will help create and lead the NAACP
2.) Will formulate the effort to grant AA full political equality immediately