1. Enlightenment and Revolution in England and America
CHAPTER 20
4/6/2017
CHAPTER 20
Enlightenment and Revolution in England and America
Section 1: Civil War and Revolution
Section 2: Constitutional Monarchy in England
Section 3: English Colonial Expansion
Section 4: The Enlightenment
Section 5: The American Revolution

2. Civil War and Revolution
Section 1:
Civil War and Revolution
Objectives:
Explore what led to the conflicts between Charles I and Parliament.
Examine how the rebellion in Ireland helped start the English Civil War.
Identify who would have supported the two sides in the English Revolution.
Investigate what led to the downfall of republican government in England.

3. Charles I and Parliament
Section 1:
Civil War and Revolution
Charles I and Parliament
Charles I believed in divine right of kings, was married to a French Catholic princess
Parliament opposed his tax measures

4. Civil War and Revolution
Section 1:
Civil War and Revolution
The Long Parliament
Irish were dispossessed by British, treated brutally
Parliament wanted to be in charge of the army
Charles refused to compromise, led troops into House of Commons to arrest opponents
Neither side would compromise

5. Civil War and Revolution
Section 1:
Civil War and Revolution
English Civil War
Cavaliers – called royalists, supported the king
Roundheads – supported Parliament
Oliver Cromwell – organized New Model Army and defeated Charles
Rump Parliament – abolished monarchy and House of Lords, proclaimed England a commonwealth, tried Charles I for treason

6. Cromwell’s Commonwealth
Section 1:
Civil War and Revolution
Cromwell’s Commonwealth
Raised money from taxes and land sales
Army was disciplined and powerful
Enemies had no organized army
Encouraged trade and manufacturing

7. Civil War and Revolution
Section 1:
Civil War and Revolution
End of the Revolution
Cromwell quarreled with Parliament, then dissolved it
Charles II restored monarchy

8. Constitutional Monarchy in England
Section 2:
Constitutional Monarchy in England
Objectives:
Explain how religious attitudes affected the rule of Charles II and James II.
Describe how Parliament reduced the power of the monarchy after the Restoration.
Identify the principal features of Britain’s limited constitutional monarchy.

9. The Restoration and the Glorious Revolution
Section 2:
Constitutional Monarchy in England
The Restoration and the Glorious Revolution
Political parties develop – Charles tried to increase toleration for Catholicism; Tories supported Anglican Church, Whigs opposed having Catholic ruler
The Glorious Revolution – bloodless transfer of power in English monarchy; religious attitudes led to suspicion, conflict with Parliament, and opposition to the kings’ policies

10. Changes in English Government
Section 2:
Constitutional Monarchy in England
Changes in English Government
Habeas Corpus Act and Declaration of Rights – protected individuals against unfair arrest and imprisonment, unfairly high bail, or cruel or unusual punishment
Toleration Act and Act of Settlement – religious freedoms to Dissenters, but not Roman Catholics or Jews; Act of Settlement kept Catholics from the English throne

11. Constitutional Monarchy in England
Section 2:
Constitutional Monarchy in England
Parliamentary Rule
Growing power of Parliament – monarch must consult with Parliament; development of cabinet and prime minister
Act of Union – united England and Scotland into Great Britain
Constitutional monarchy – monarch remained head of state, royal powers were limited by constitution

12. English Colonial Expansion
Section 3:
English Colonial Expansion
Objectives:
Investigate who the sea dogs were and what they accomplished.
Explore the results of the British mercantilist policy.

13. The Beginnings of the British Empire
Section 3:
English Colonial Expansion
The Beginnings of the British Empire
Explorers and sea dogs – English sea captains who challenged the Portuguese and Spanish monopolies of sea trade, plundered foreign ships, helped defeat Spanish Armada
The British in India – British East India Company

14. English Colonial Expansion
Section 3:
English Colonial Expansion
The British in America
British settlements – Jamestown and Plymouth
Mercantilism and the British colonies – discouraged colonial manufacturing and forced colonists to sell certain products only to Britain

15. The Enlightenment Objectives: Section 4:
Identify the principal characteristics of Enlightenment thinking.
Analyze the similarities and differences in the ideas of important Enlightenment philosophers.

16. Crusaders of the Enlightenment
Section 4:
The Enlightenment
Crusaders of the Enlightenment
Believed that natural law governed human behavior and that truth could be determined by logic, secularism, and individualism

17. The Enlightenment Political Criticism Section 4:
Montesquieu – government divided into branches to create checks on political power
Voltaire – criticized intolerance and attempts to suppress personal freedoms
Rousseau – distrusted reason, opposed strong government, supported popular sovereignty

18. The American Revolution
Section 5:
The American Revolution
Objectives:
Explain how Americans responded to British policies after the French and Indian War.
Describe what type of government Americans set up after the American Revolution.

19. The American Revolution
Section 5:
The American Revolution
Empire and Conflict
British-French rivalry – Seven Years’ War; British won control of much of North America
Increased imperial control – Sugar Act, Stamp Act, “taxation without representation”
Intensified conflict – colonists hardened their resistance to British policies

20. American Independence
Section 5:
The American Revolution
American Independence
The Declaration of Independence – government is created to protect individual rights and cannot exist without the consent of the governed, who can alter or abolish it
The war for independence – weak American government, brutal Hessian mercenaries, strong American military leadership
War and peace – French alliance with United States, as well as Spain and Netherlands, brought American victory

21. The American Revolution
Section 5:
The American Revolution
Governing a New Nation
The Articles of Confederation – weak central government, placed power in individual states
The Constitution – federal government with three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial; Bill of Rights guaranteed citizens certain rights
Effects of American independence – democracy that inspired loyalty