1. Monarchs of Europe CHAPTER 19
4/6/2017
CHAPTER 19
Monarchs of Europe
Section 1: France in the Age of Absolutism
Section 2: Russia in the Age of Absolutism
Section 3: Central Europe in the Age of Absolutism
Section 4: The English Monarchy

2. France in the Age of Absolutism
Section 1:
France in the Age of Absolutism
Objectives:
Explain how Henry VI and Cardinal Richelieu strengthened France.
Analyze Louis XIV’s strategy for strengthening the central government.
Identify Louis XIV’s reasons for waging war and the results.

3. Strengthening the Monarchy
Section 1:
France in the Age of Absolutism
Strengthening the Monarchy
Cardinal Richelieu – worked to reduce strength of nobles and to reform the economy
The Thirty Years’ War – Protestant rebellion against Holy Roman Empire; ended with Treaty of Westphalia in 1648

4. France in the Age of Absolutism
Section 1:
France in the Age of Absolutism
The Sun King
Versailles – expense of palace strained the French economy
Domestic and economic policies – absolute power for king, increased French industry at home and trade abroad, reformed tax system, leading naval power

5. France in the Age of Absolutism
Section 1:
France in the Age of Absolutism
The Wars of Louis XIV
Fighting for new territory – natural borders, other nations fought for a balance of power
War of the Spanish Succession – Treaty of Utrecht provided that French and Spanish monarchies could never be united
Louis XIV’s legacy – France became a leading European power, but caused destruction, loss of life and resources, and loss of territory

6. Russia in the Age of Absolutism
Section 2:
Russia in the Age of Absolutism
Objectives:
Identify ways Russia was isolated from western Europe.
Analyze how Peter the Great used his power to change Russia.
Examine how Catherine the Great expanded Russia’s territory.

7. Isolation and a New Dynasty
Section 2:
Russia in the Age of Absolutism
Isolation and a New Dynasty
Asian influence
Religious differences
Geographically separated from Europe

8. Russia in the Age of Absolutism
Section 2:
Russia in the Age of Absolutism
Peter the Great
Peter’s foreign mission – his attempt to form alliances against Ottoman Turks failed, but he learned many Western ways
Westernizing Russia – improved training and weaponry, Western architecture, modernization in society

9. Russia in the Age of Absolutism
Section 2:
Russia in the Age of Absolutism
Catherine the Great
Catherine’s policies – domestic policies were meaningless or harmful to most Russians, but foreign policies won new territory and extended the Russian empire
Poland – Russia split Poland with Prussia and Austria
Expansion eastward – Siberia and Alaska

10. Central Europe in the Age of Absolutism
Section 3:
Central Europe in the Age of Absolutism
Objectives:
Explain how the Habsburgs gained and held power.
Explain how the Hohenzollerns rose to power.
Identify the factors that contributed to conflicts between Prussia and Austria.

11. Central Europe in the Age of Absolutism
Section 3:
Central Europe in the Age of Absolutism
Habsburg Austria
Maria Theresa – Pragmatic Sanction allowed her to inherit all Habsburg lands

12. The Rise of the Hohenzollerns
Section 3:
Central Europe in the Age of Absolutism
The Rise of the Hohenzollerns
Frederick William I – sought to make Prussia a great power, efficient system of government
Frederick the Great – highly intelligent, expanded territory and prestige

13. Conflict Between Prussia and Austria
Section 3:
Central Europe in the Age of Absolutism
Conflict Between Prussia and Austria
The Diplomatic Revolution – reversal of alliances resulted in France and Austria opposing Prussia and Great Britain
The Seven Years’ War – began in North America as the French and Indian War
The years of peace – European powers reluctant to fight again, so rebuilt and strengthened kingdoms at home

14. The English Monarchy Objectives: Section 4:
Describe the rule of Mary Tudor of England.
Describe the rule of Elizabeth I.
Explain the problems James I faced in ruling England.

15. The English Monarchy The House of Tudor Section 4:
Mary I married Philip II of Spain
Persecuted Protestant clergy
Failed because persecutions were too extreme
“Bloody Mary”

16. The Reign of Elizabeth I
Section 4:
The English Monarchy
The Reign of Elizabeth I
Elizabeth and Mary Queen of Scots – Mary plotted to kill Elizabeth; Elizabeth had Mary beheaded
The Spanish Armada – English ships defeated “Invincible Armada”
Religious problems – Puritans wanted to rid church of all Catholic practices; Tudors persecuted non-Anglicans
Relations with Parliament – Parliament challenged royal power, but Elizabeth managed them skillfully

17. The English Monarchy James I Section 4:
Son of Mary Queen of Scots, ruled England and Scotland
Strong supporter of Anglican Church, which caused conflicts with Puritans
King James Version of Bible
Lacked economic, diplomatic skill
Did not fully understand English parliamentary system
Believed in divine right of kings