1. Crossing the Cell membrane

2. Diffusion

3. FROM A LOT TO NOT A LOT Molecules move _______“where there’s _______”
Animatioin from:
Molecules move
_______“where there’s _______”
____“where there’s ___________”
FROM
A LOT TO
NOT A LOT

4. DIFFUSION across a space
Happens anytime there is a __________ in concentration in one place compared to another. This is called the_____________
DIFFERENCE
Concentration gradient

5. DIFFUSION across a SPACE
DOWN
Molecules move automatically _______ the concentration gradient _______ an area of _______ concentration ____ an area of ________ concentration
EXAMPLES
from
Higher to
Lesser
Blue dye in beaker demo, Kool Aid,
someone making popcorn, grilling out, strong perfume, bad smell in room

6. DIFFUSION across a space
Diffusion continues until the concentration is _________in space = ___________
ballanced
Equilibrium

7. Kidspiration by: Riedell

8. Kinds of ________ Transport
PASSIVE
__________________________________
___________________________________
Ion Channel
Facilitated Diffusion
Osmosis

9. Molecules need to move across membranes in cells
Image modiified from:

10. Diffusion can happen ________ a _____________ in a cell
across
membrane
…as long as membrane will let the molecule _________________
pass through

11. DIFFUSION across a membrane
difference
Happens anytime there is a __________ in _____________ on one side of the membrane compared to the other
concentration
Examples of molecules that move by
diffusion across membranes
in cells:
See diffusion animation
OXYGEN, WATER,
CARBON DIOXIDE,
NITROGEN

12. CELL EXAMPLE:
DIFFUSION automatically moves oxygen from HIGHER concentration (in lungs) to a LOWER concentration (in blood)
CO2 automatically moves from where there is a
HIGHER concentration
(in blood) to where there
is a lower concentration
(in lungs)

13. SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE (Semi-permeable)
MOVIE DIFFUSION ACROSS THE
MEMBRANE

14. OSMOSIS OSMOSIS DIFFUSION Semi-permeable lower
= SPECIAL KIND OF DIFFUSION
IMAGE by RIEDELL
OSMOSIS
____________
See osmosis
animation
DIFFUSION
__________
Movement of molecules across a _________________ membrane from ______ concentration to _____
Semi-permeable
lower
Higher

15. BUT…. What if a cell needs to move _____ or ______ molecules?
LARGE
POLAR

16. Facilitated Diffusion _______ proteins help diffusion go faster
Carrier
MOVIE DIFFUSION ACROSS
THE MEMBRANE (FACILITATED
DIFFUSION)

17. What if cell needs to move a molecule _________ the CONCENTRATION GRADIENT? _______________
AGAINST
(LOWER  HIGHER)
Cell example:
Want to put MORE glucose
into mitochondria when there is
already glucose in there
Image from:

18. What if cell needs to move molecules really _______
What if cell needs to move molecules really _______? (can’t wait for it to diffuse)
FAST
Cell example:
Movement of Na + & K+ ions
required to send
nerve signals

19. We need a ____ to ____ molecules across cell membranes that _______ across by ___________
WAY
HELP
can’t go
themselves

20. FACILITATED DIFFUSION
PASSIVE
No energy required = __________________
Moves _________ concentration gradient
from ________________________
_____________________ grab molecule, change shape, and flip to other side (Like a revolving door)
Molecules that move this way in cells:
_______________________
DOWN
HIGHER to LOWER
Membrane proteins
GLUCOSE

21. Facilitated Diffusion
Animation from:

22. Kidspiration by: Riedell

23. Kinds of ________Transport
ACTIVE
________________________________________
___________________________________
____________________________________
Sodium-Potassium Pump
Endocytosis
Exocytosis

24. See a video clip about
Na+-K+ pump -7D

25. Sodium (Na+)- Potassium (K+) Pump
Animation from:
See a movie about Na+ - K+ pump

26. Sodium-Potassium pump
ACTIVE
___________ transport
(requires energy from ______)
Special just for Na+ and K + ions
Uses integral ___________________ to move molecules
Examples in nerve cells: Na+ is pumped out of cells at same time K + is taken into cells
ATP
Carrier Proteins

27. See a video clip about
Endo/exocytosis -7E

28. ENDOCYTOSIS Takes substances into cell
ACTIVE
_____________transport
(requires __________ from ______)
Uses small membrane sacs called ______________ to carry substances
energy ATP
VESICLES

29. 2 KINDS of ENDOCYTOSIS Takes substances into cell
If taking in:
fluid or small molecules =_________________
large particles or whole cells =______________
Examples in cells:
one celled organisms eat this way
white blood cells get rid of bacteria this way
PINOCYTOSIS
PHAGOCYTOSIS

30. Pinocytosis
Called “Cell Drinking”

31. ENDOCYTOSIS
Animation from:

32. PHAGOCYTOSIS Called “Cell Eating” ___________ destroying _______ germs
White blood cell
germs
___________ destroying _______

33. EXOCYTOSIS Substances released outside of cell
ACTIVE
__________ transport (requires __________)
Substances move in____________
Examples in cells:
_________ release packaged proteins this way
energy
VESICLES
GOLGI

34. Exocytosis

35. GOLGI BODIES USE EXOCYTOSIS
Video:
GOLGI BODIES USE EXOCYTOSIS
Animation from:
See a Golgi movie

36. Endocytosis & Exocytosis
Videos from:
Endocytosis & Exocytosis
Watch a video clip about endo/exocytosis
Choose Screen/Switch programs to view

37. INSULIN being released by pancreas cells using exocytosis

38. What if there is a difference in concentration but solute molecules can’t move across a membrane?
WATER will move
until concentration
reaches equilibrium

39. VOCAB
_____________ = substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution
_____________ = substance in which a solute is dissolved
SOLUTE
SOLVENT
EX:
Koolaid powder = solute
Water = solvent
Koolaid drink = solution

40. Images by Riedell
__________________ = mass of a solute in a given volume of solution
CONCENTRATION
MORE
The _______ molecules there are in a given volume the ____________the concentration
GREATER

41. See a video clip about
OSMOSIS -7B

42. See an animation Osmosis1

43. OSMOSIS shrinks GREATER THAN
Animation from:
OSMOSIS
See an animation
OSMOSIS 4
HYPERTONIC: Concentration outside cell is ____________________ inside cell
More water leaves cell than enters so cell ____________
GREATER THAN
shrinks

44. Cell in Hypertonic Solution
15% NaCL 85% H2O
ENVIRONMENT
CELL
5% NaCL
95% H2O
What is the direction of water movement?

45. OSMOSIS Swell and possibly burst LESS THAN
Animation from:
OSMOSIS
See an animation Osmosis3
HYPOTONIC: Concentration outside cell is ________________ inside the cell More water enters than leaves cell so cell will ___________________
LESS THAN
Swell and possibly burst

46. Cell in Hypotonic Solution
10% NaCL 90% H2O
CELL
20% NaCL
80% H2O
What is the direction of water movement?

47. OSMOSIS ISOTONIC: Concentration outside cell __________ EQUALS
concentration inside cell
Water entering = water leaving so cell _____________________
EQUALS
STAYS THE SAME SIZE

48. Cell in Isotonic Solution
10% NaCL 90% H2O
ENVIRONMENT
CELL
NO NET MOVEMENT
10% NaCL
90% H2O
What is the direction of water movement?
equilibrium
The cell is at _______________.

49. NO NET MOVEMENT OF H2O (equal amounts entering & leaving)
Isotonic Solution
Hypotonic Solution
Hypertonic Solution
NO NET MOVEMENT OF H2O (equal amounts entering & leaving)
Cell Swells & may burst
Cell shrivels up

50. Animal cells

51. Osmosis in Red Blood Cells
Isotonic
Hypertonic
Hypotonic

52. Plant cells _____ keeps CELL WALL Plant cells from bursting
Plant cells
CELL WALL
_____ keeps
Plant cells from bursting

53. VACUOLES store WATER OSMOTIC PRESSURE _____________________________ =
OSMOTIC PRESSURE
_____________________________ =
Pressure exerted by water during osmosis

54. SO WHAT? hypotonic Bath water is ________________ compared to you
Sitting in the bathtub causes your fingers and toes to wrinkle up when water ________ your skin cells by osmosis
enters

55. Grocery stores spray water on their veggies to “plump them up”

56. SO WHAT?