3.  95% of Egyptians depend on Nile for water

4.  Created as plates pull apart causing the land to sink in

5. Mountains are mostly volcanoes Mt. Kilimanjaro 19,340 ft

6.  Steep slope with a nearly flat plateau on top

7.  South Africa  World’s largest producer of chromium  used in stainless steel  80% of world’s platinum  30% of world’s gold

8.  Central Africa  42% of world’s cobalt  makes high grade steel for aircraft and industrial engines  Europeans colonized the regions and exported the resources. This slowed the industrialization process in Africa.

9.  Libya, Nigeria, Algeria and Angola make up 7% of the world’s oil  Angola spends $ from oil to pay for a civil war

10.  20% of world’s coffee  Agriculture is the single most important economic activity = 66% of population

11.  Largest desert in the world

12.  Central Africa gets the most, spread evenly throughout the year  Rest of Africa has one or two rain seasons  Closer to equator = longer rain season  Closer to desert = longer dry season

13.  Aquifer – huge stores of under ground water  Oasis – place where aquifer breaks through the earth

14.  90% of continent lies between tropics of Cancer and Capricorn  Hottest areas in Sahara do not have much difference in seasons

15.  Dry climate and hard soil bad for crops but good for grass  Many grazing animals such as wildebeest, gazelles and zebra

16.  Most animals live in the canopy – upper layer of branches

17.  2 nd largest on Earth

18.  Expansion of dry conditions into moist areas that are next to deserts  Caused by overgrazing, farming, increased population  Causing rain forests to disappear  Sahara is expanding at 30 sq. mi. per year

19.  4,000 oil spills in 40 years  Cleanup is slow or nonexistent  Creates acid rain and soot  Pipeline explosions killed 2,000 people in 2 years

20.  Built dam to control flood waters  Created Lake Nasser  Control of river allows for 2 or 3 harvests per year  Increased farmable land  Helps Egypt avoid floods and drought

21.  Most diamonds are found in river beds and streams through alluvial mining requiring only a shovel, a pan, and hard labor to mine.

22.  Diamonds are not rare or scarce.  Through its enormous wealth, power, and influence, De Beers is able to buy large amounts of diamonds whenever countries attempt to flood the market.  Because of De Beers, the price of diamonds has remained steady despite civil wars and conflict. The average diamond ring, for example, is marked up 100% to 200%.

23.  Rebel groups use the profits from the sale of diamonds to purchase weapons.  In the past 15 years, over 6 million people from Sierra Leone, Angola, Liberia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo have become refugees after being forced from their homes by diamond fueled conflict.  Millions more have died in diamond related conflicts over the past 15 years.