1. Exploring Pennsylvania
Chapter 1
Exploring Pennsylvania

2. Vocabulary Hemisphere – half of the Earth
Continent – largest land areas on Earth
Landform – a natural feature on Earth’s surface
Natural Resource – a material found in nature that people can use
Tributary - small river or stream that flows into a larger river
Pollution – anything that makes the environment dirty

3. Vocabulary
Climate – the pattern of weather in a place over a long period of time
Elevation – the height of land
Habitat – a place where plants and animals live

4. Pennsylvania’s Location
Pennsylvania is located:
On the continent of North America
In the country of United States
In the northeastern part of the United States
In the northern and western hemispheres

5. Pennsylvania’s Neighbors
States that border Pennsylvania:
New York to the NORTH
New Jersey to the EAST
Delaware to the SOUTHEAST
Maryland to the SOUTH
West Virginia to the SOUTHWEST
Ohio to the WEST

6. Find Pennsylvania’s Bordering States

7. Pennsylvania’s Nickname
Pennsylvania is called the “Keystone State”
It is called this because when the original 13 colonies resembled an arch, Pennsylvania was located in the middle, like a keystone

8. Mountains, Lakes, and Rivers
All of Pennsylvania’s mountains are part of the Appalachian Mountain range
The Allegheny Mountains stretch across the middle of the state
Rivers and Lakes:
The Delaware River forms on Pennsylvania’s eastern border and is a major shipping route
The Susquehanna River flows through the central part of the state
The Monongahela and Allegheny Rivers are tributaries of the Ohio River
Lake Erie, a Great Lake, borders the northwest corner of Pennsylvania

9. Taking Care of Pennsylvania
Natural Resources are materials found in nature that people can use
Examples are: soil, water, trees, and minerals
Two minerals found in Pennsylvania are sandstone and limestone
Sandstone is used to make glass
Limestone is used to make cement
Fossil Fuels are fuels that are found in nature that were made from plants and animals that lived millions of years ago
Examples are: coal, oil, natural gas

10. Natural Resources A renewable resource CAN be replaced
Examples: plants, water, crops
A nonrenewable resource CANNOT be replaced
Examples: fossil fuels, sandstone, limestone, oil, natural gas

11. Climate, Plants, and Animals
Pennsylvania has a temperate climate
This means the temperature does not reach extreme highs or lows
Pennsylvania’s climate is affected by location and elevation
There are a variety of plants and animals living in Pennsylvania
Ex of trees. Oak, elm, hemlock
Ex of animals: Trout, foxes, geese