1. Nationalism in Europe CHAPTER 25 Section 1: The Unification of Italy
4/6/2017
CHAPTER 25
Nationalism in Europe
Section 1: The Unification of Italy
Section 2: The Unification of Germany
Section 3: Opposition to Bismarck
Section 4: Reform and Revolution in Russia
Section 5: Unrest in Austria-Hungary

2. The Unification of Italy
Section 1:
The Unification of Italy
Objectives:
Describe the events that led to nationalistic movements for unification in Italy.
Identify the important leaders in the fight for the unification of Italy.
Explain the problems Italy faced after unification.

3. Liberals and Nationalists in Italy
Section 1:
The Unification of Italy
Liberals and Nationalists in Italy
Risorgimento – goals were liberation and unification
Young Italy movement – wanted a republic to rule Italy
Revolts in several Italian states failed

4. Sardinia, France, and Austria
Section 1:
The Unification of Italy
Sardinia, France, and Austria
Cavour’s Sardinia – Cavour believed in separation of church and state
Napoléon III – French emperor, wanted France to dominate Italian states
War with Austria – Cavour and Napoléon conspired against Austria, but neither won dominance

5. Garibaldi and the Thousand
Section 1:
The Unification of Italy
Garibaldi and the Thousand
Two Sicilies – Garibaldi and his army invaded and captured Sicily and Naples, stopped by Cavour

6. Unification and its Problems
Section 1:
The Unification of Italy
Unification and its Problems
Cultural traditions
Tensions between industrialized north and agricultural south

7. The Unification of Germany
Section 2:
The Unification of Germany
Objectives:
Explain how Prussia replaced Austria as the leading German state in Europe.
Identify the ways in which German unification differed from Italian unification.
Describe the changes in German government that occurred as a result of unification.

8. The Unification of Germany
Section 2:
The Unification of Germany
Prussia as Leader
Large army
Efficient government
Strong economy
German nationalism

9. The Unification of Germany
Section 2:
The Unification of Germany
The Zollverein
Adopted uniform weights, measures, and currency

10. Bismarck and Prussian Strength
Section 2:
The Unification of Germany
Bismarck and Prussian Strength
Collected taxes without approval
Ignored constitution

11. The Unification of Germany
Section 2:
The Unification of Germany
Wars of Unification
The Danish War – Prussia and Austria declared war on Denmark over new Danish constitution
The Seven Weeks’ War – ended with Treaty of Prague
The Franco-Prussian War – Bismarck provoked war with the French and defeated them

12. Formation of the German Empire
Section 2:
The Unification of Germany
Formation of the German Empire
Included all German states except Austria
Bundesrat and Reichstag – made up legislative branch of new government
Prussian king ruled Germany and had most representatives in legislature

13. Opposition to Bismarck
Section 3:
Opposition to Bismarck
Objectives:
Explain the problems Bismarck faced as chancellor of the German Empire.
Describe how Germany became industrialized under Bismarck’s leadership.
Identify the factors that led to the decline of Bismarck’s power as chancellor.

14. Problems for the Empire
Section 3:
Opposition to Bismarck
Problems for the Empire
Political groups opposed Bismarck’s policies
Tension between Prussia and other German states
Kulturkampf – anti-Catholic program, ended so Bismarck could gain support of Centre Party

15. Industrial Development under Bismarck
Section 3:
Opposition to Bismarck
Industrial Development under Bismarck
Standardized money and banking laws
Centralized postal and telegraph services
Encouraged cartels

16. Opposition to Bismarck
Section 3:
Opposition to Bismarck
Socialism in Germany
Social Democratic Party – most were urban workers; twelve members of Reichstag; opposed by Bundesrat

17. Bismarck’s Antisocialist Campaign
Section 3:
Opposition to Bismarck
Bismarck’s Antisocialist Campaign
Government-directed social reforms – did not end socialism, but reduced workers’ grievances

18. The Resignation of Bismarck
Section 3:
Opposition to Bismarck
The Resignation of Bismarck
William II – conservative, absolute authority of monarch; accepted Bismarck’s resignation

19. Reform and Revolution in Russia
Section 4:
Reform and Revolution in Russia
Objectives:
Explain the geographical and cultural factors that made Russia different from the rest of Europe.
Describe the characteristics of Russian domestic and foreign policies.
Identify the reform movements that occurred in Russia and their results.

20. Reform and Revolution in Russia
Section 4:
Reform and Revolution in Russia
The Russian Empire
Undeveloped resources
Lack of ports
Diversity of population

21. Russian Domestic and Foreign Policies
Section 4:
Reform and Revolution in Russia
Russian Domestic and Foreign Policies
Czar had absolute power
“Russification” – forced non-Russian citizens to adopt Russian customs
Pan-Slavism
Southward expansion led to defeat in the Crimean War

22. Alexander II and Reforms
Section 4:
Reform and Revolution in Russia
Alexander II and Reforms
Emancipation for the serfs – moved to cities and became cheap sources of labor
Alexander II’s other reforms – provincial and county-level councils, civil and criminal courts, limited power of secret police, expanded education, reorganized military

23. Radicals and Government Reaction
Section 4:
Reform and Revolution in Russia
Radicals and Government Reaction
Terrorist attacks – bombings and assassinations by political groups
Time of repression – censorship, control of church and education, spies and informers, imprisonment and exile

24. Reform and Revolution in Russia
Section 4:
Reform and Revolution in Russia
The Revolution of 1905
“Bloody Sunday” – czar’s troops shot unarmed strikers; mutinies in army and navy
October Manifesto – promised individual liberties, but autocracy continued
Failed to overthrow czar

25. Unrest in Austria-Hungary
Section 5:
Unrest in Austria-Hungary
Section 5: Objectives:
Explain what led to the formation of the Dual Monarchy and what problems it faced.
Describe how the decline of the Ottoman Empire affected European politics.
Discuss how ethnic clashes in southern Europe set the stage for a showdown among the major powers.

26. Results of the Uprisings
Section 5:
Unrest in Austria-Hungary
Results of the Uprisings
Metternich resigned after revolts
Magyars dominated Hungary

27. Formation of the Dual Monarchy
Section 5:
Unrest in Austria-Hungary
Formation of the Dual Monarchy
Austria-Hungary – had ministries for war, finance, and foreign affairs; each had own parliament

28. The Ottoman Empire and the Balkans
Section 5:
Unrest in Austria-Hungary
The Ottoman Empire and the Balkans
Military defeats
Diverse peoples in Balkans desired and won self-rule
Russia supported Balkan independence
Great Britain supported suppression of self-rule

29. The Congress of Berlin and the Balkan Wars
Section 5:
Unrest in Austria-Hungary
The Congress of Berlin and the Balkan Wars
Treaty of Stefano – granted independence to several Balkan territories
Balkan League – Balkan nations who united to declare war on Ottoman Empire; Balkans won but fought a second war over division of lands