1. 1870-1894

3.  1. Machines eliminate old jobs, and reduce the need for higher skilled workers.  2. More women are entering the workforce because of machines.  3. Immigrants get low paying, unskilled jobs in factories.

4.  1. Founded in 1866  2. Included Skilled and Unskilled Workers with over 600,000 members.  3. Excluded: Women, African Americans, and Chinese Immigrants.  4. Fights for: Higher Wages, Safe Working Conditions, 8 Hr. Work Day, Right to Negotiate Contracts.  5. Ended during the Depression of the 1870’s.

6.  1. Known as the “Noble and Holy Order of the Knights of Labor.”  2. Starting in 1869, the KOL became a political group on behalf of labor in the 1880’s.  3. Leader: Terence V. Powderly  4. Goals: A. Higher Wages  B. 8 Hr. Work Day  C. Safer Working Conditions  D. Favors the Chinese Exclusion Act

8. MARY HARRIS JONES

9.  1. 5/4/1886  2. Knights of Labor clash with Police.  3. Labor blamed for the death of Police Officers when a bomb is thrown in to the crowd.  4. Knights collapse  5. Gov. Altgeld pardons the Knights found guilty of the bombing.

10.  1. Founder: Samuel Gompers  2. Founded: 1886  3. Excludes: Unskilled Labor, Women, African Americans, and most Immigrant Groups.  4. Goals: A. Higher Wages B. Fewer Working Hrs. C. Safer Working Conditions D. Demand “Closed” Shops 5. The AFL DOES NOT care about : Social Reforms

12.  Factory Owners who did not want Labor Unions in their factories would:  1. Hiring “Scab” workers  2. Lockouts  3. “Yellow Dog” Contracts  4. “Black” Lists  5. Strike Breakers