1. Waves, wind, and Glaciers
Erosion and Deposition

2. How Waves Form
The energy in waves from wind that blows across the water’s surface.

3. Erosion by Waves
Waves shape the coast through erosion by breaking down rock and transporting sand and other sediment.

4. How Waves Erode Land
Impact
Abrasion
Change in Wave Direction

5. Headland Part of the shore that sticks out into the ocean.
Example: Marin Headland

6. Erosional Features of Waves
Wave-Cut Cliff
Headland
Sea Cave
Sea Arch

7. Depostional Features of Waves
Beach
Spit
Sandbar
Beach: formed as waves pile up sand along the shore.
Spit: formed as a longshore drift deposits along the shore.
Sandbar: formed by wave action.

8. Wave Erosion & Deposition Landforms

9. Erosion by Wind
Wind causes erosion by deflation and abrasion.

10. Deflation The erosion of sediment by wind.
Stronger the wind, the larger the particles it can pick up.

11. Deposits By Wind Sand Dunes Deposit of wind-blown sand. Loess
Wind-formed deposit made of fine particles of clay and silt.

12. Glacier
Any large mass of ice that moves slowly over land.

13. Plucking
The process by which a glacier picks up rocks as it flows over the land.

14. Till
A mass of rock and soil deposited directly by a glacier.

15. Two Kinds of Glaciers
Continental Glacier
Valley Glacier

16. Continental Glacier
A glacier that covers much of a continent or large island.
Can cover millions of square kilometers.
Antarctica and Greenland.
Can flow in all directions.
Can spread out like pancake butter in a frying pan.

17. Ice Ages
In the past, continental glaciers have covered larger parts of the Earth’s surface.

18. Valley Glaciers
A long, narrow glacier that forms when snow and ice build up high in a mountain valley.
The sides of mountains keep these glaciers from spreading out in all directions.
Found in many high mountains.
Sierra Nevada and Mount Shasta.

19. Glaciers
Glaciers can form only in an area where more snow falls than melts.
Once the depth of snow and ice reaches more than 30 to 40 meters, gravity begins to pull the glacier downhill.

20. How Glaciers Shape the Land
Plucking
Picks up rocks as it moves
Carries rocks with it as it moves
Abrasion
Gouges and scratches the bedrock
Allows for rock to be picked up by plucking

21. Plucking and Abrasion

22. Glacial Deposition
When a glacier melts, it deposits the sediment it eroded from the land, creating various landforms.

23. Glacial Deposition Landforms
Till
Mixture of sediments that a glacier deposited on the surface.
Moraine
Till that is deposited at the edges of a glacier forms a ridge.
Kettle Lake
Forms when a depression left in a till by melting ice fills with water.

24. Glacial Landforms

25. Credits
Geo Resources
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Association of Environmental & Engineering Geologists. Retrieved on 3/19/2012.
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