1. QUICK REVIEW OF WORLD WAR I

2. THE CAUSES THE ALLIANCE SYSTEM
The Triple Entente : Russia, France, Britain (ENTENTE CORDIALE/ALLIES) *Italy, USA, British Colonies
The Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy* (Central Powers) (Turkey and Bulgaria)

5. 2. Militarism building up armed forces, getting ready for war.
Naval Rivalry between Britain and Germany
France and Germany in an Arms Race

6. 3. Imperialism
France: wanted lost territory—Alsace/Lorraine), parts of Africa (Morocco).
Germany: wanted her own Empire, which conflicted with France and Russia—Africa and Balkans.
Austria-Hungary: wanted territory—Bosnia (Parts of the Ottoman Empire)
Russia: wanted the Dardanelles—a trade route from the Black Sea to the Mediterranean Sea.
Britain: wanted to keep Gibraltar.

8. 4. Nationalism
A-H: made up of a variety of ethnicities. Bosnians were SLAVIC/SERBIAN (affiliated with Russia—religion and ethnicity)
Germany: nationalism encouraged by Kaiser Wilhelm II (same ethnicity as A-H)
Britain and France: intense pride in their nation

9. Steps Series of Moroccan Crises A-H annexation of Bosnia
Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand on June 28th, 1914 by Gavrilo Princip—a Serb nationalist (Black Hand)

10. Europe in 1914

11. WWI Images

12. To decide what to do, the ‘big three’ met.

13. THREE PERSPECTIVES ON THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCES
The Treaty of Versailles

14. George Clemenceau: Realist Wants: People: supported him
dismember Germany
revenge
guaranteed safety
stripped of industry and armed forces
People: supported him
What excerpts from Treaty did he support?
War Guilt Clause
Alsace and Lorraine
Military restrictions
de-militarized Rhine valley
Forbid reunification of Austria and Germany

15. Woodrow Wilson Idealist Wants: People:
just and lasting peace
creation of the League of Nations
Democracy
People:
didn’t support him
Treaty of Versailles defeated by US Senate WHY?
What excerpts from Treaty did he support?
League of Nations
Constitution of League
Alsace and Lorraine
Disarmament

16. Lloyd George Middle of the Road Wants: People: supported him
revenge and reparations—but do not cripple Germany
feared refugees and communism
wanted a trading partner in Germany
People: supported him
What excerpts from Treaty did he support?
War Guilt Clause
Military restrictions
surrender merchant fleet
League of Nations mandates

18. SELF-DETERMINATION Former Yugoslavia Former Soviet Union
Middle East—Palestine
Russia and Chechens
China and Tibet
Kurds in Iraq
WWII-German people in Austria and Poland and Sudetenland

26. SOCIAL EFFECTS: WOMEN: URBANIZATION:
Roles changed—factory and office workers
Right to Vote
Social and Political Power were exercised i.e. Women’s Christian Temperance Movement
Gained Social Freedom—changing clothes
URBANIZATION:
Move to cities
Automobiles became important
With automobile leisure time became important, teenagers

27. ECONOMIC EFFECTS: Very expensive—industrialization
Allies owed money to the US
German and Russian economies in ruin

28. POLITICAL EFFECTS: Balance of Power and Alliance system destroyed
Autocracies collapsed—where one ruler wields power—Kaiser Wilhelm/Germany; Tsar Nicholas II/Russia
Russia became communist (we will learn about this in a few days)

29. FALLOUT FROM WWI: Rise of Nazism in Germany Rise of Fascism in Italy
Failures of the League of Nations
The Second World War