1. TOO MUCH : Uncountable nouns TOO MANY : Countable nouns
NOT ENOUGH: Both
I don't like the weather here . There is ____________________rain . You drink_______________________ coffee. It's not good for you .
There was nowhere to sit on the beach. There were_______________ people.
Our team didn't play well. We made ________________mistakes.
I’ve got ____________________ clothes and there is _________________ space in my closet.
too much
too much
too many
too many
too many
not enough

2. For decisions and plans made before the moment of speaking, use going to.
For offers and promises or when we decide something at the moment of speaking use will
My computer’s old, so my dad ‘s going to / ‘ll buy me a new one for my birthday.
It’s a nice day I ‘m going to / ‘ll go to the park.
Don’t use that knife! You ‘re going to / ‘ll cut yourself!
I want to visit Japan next year, so I ‘m going to / ‘ll learn Japanese next term.

3. Use don’t / doesn’t have to to say that something is not necessary.
Use must (n’t) to give someone strong advice or for expressing strong obligation.
Use don’t / doesn’t have to to say that something is not necessary.
doesn’t have to
Tomorrow’s a holiday, so she ______________________go to school.
I understand—you ____________________ explain everything again.
You _________________ eat in class—it’s a school rule.
Hurry up, Sally—we _____________________ miss the bus.
don’t have to
mustn’t
mustn’t

4. Use the present perfect continuous (H + BEEN + Ving) :
To talk about situations which started in the past and are still continuing now. I’ve been teaching for years.
To talk about actions that have just stopped and may have a result in the present. I’m hot because I’ve been running.
To focus on how long an activity has been in progress. The activity may or may not be complete. I’ve been writing s all morning
They ___________________________ (travel) for six months.
have been traveling

5. Use the present perfect simple (H + V3/ed) :
To show that an actions is now completed. I’ve been to Italy.
To stress the finished result of a completed activity and the amount we have completed. I’ve written three s this morning.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS OR PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
I ____________________ (search) the Internet all morning.
We _____________________(watch) all the videos we have. What can we do now?
have been searching
have watched

6. Use WHO/THAT for PEOPLE
Use WHICH/THAT for THINGS or ANIMALS
Use WHERE for PLACES
Please give me the pen. It’s on my desk
Please give me the pen ______________ is on my desk.
I know somebody. She can drive a bus.
I know somebody ___________ can drive a bus.
The hotel we stayed at had a big gym.
The hotel ________________we stayed at had a big gym.
which
who
where

7. USED TO + V expresses an action which happened regularly in the past, but doesn’t happen anymore.
Use auxiliary DID for questions. DID S USE TO ?
Use auxiliary DID or DIDN’T for short answers.
WRITE THE QUESTIONS AND THEN ANSWER THEM.
Peter used to read a lot.
Did Peter use to read a lot? Yes, he did.
Peter didn’t use to have long hair.
Did Peter use to have long hair? No, he didn’t.

8. Past perfect happened first Past simple happened after
Use the past perfect to make it clear that one action happened before another action in the past.
Past perfect happened first
Past simple happened after
Complete the sentences using the PAST PERFECT form of the verbs.
She ______________________ (call) twice before seeing me.
We______________________________ ( already/ study) those chapters when John told us about the test.
You _______________________________ ( never / do) such a silly action.
Put the verbs in the correct form (Past simple or Past perfect)
After he ____________________ (finish) his work he ________ (go) to the cinema.
He _____________ (work) for the company for 40 years when he ______________ (retire).
As soon as I __________________________ (hear) the news I _______________ (switch) off the TV.
had called
had already studied
had never done
had finished
went
had worked
retired
had heard
switched