1. Brief Overview of Qualitative & Quantitative Research

2. Historical Review Quantitative Research: Emerged in the late 19 th century to the beginning 20 th century Initiated by researches from physical sciences, physics and chemistery. Focus of observation: identifying educational patterns by assessing or measuring individual abilities, collecting scores or numbers. Three historical trends: statistical procedures, test and measurement practices, research design.

3. Historical Review Qualitative Research: Developed during the late 19 th century to the beginning of 20 th century Used in education more recent than that of quantitative research Three themes that shape its history in education: philosophical ideas, procedural developments, participatory and advocacy practices.

4. Identifying Research Problems Quantitative Research A description of trends or an explanation of the relationship among variables Qualitative Research An exploration in which little is known about the problem A detailed understanding of a central phenomenon

5. Reviewing the Literature Quantitative Research Provide major role through suggesting the research questions to be asked Justify the research problem and create a need for the direction of the study Qualitative Research Play a minor role in suggesting a specific research question to be asked Justify the importance of studying the research problem