1. PUBLIC SPEAKING DEFINITION
Speaker addresses an audience with a relatively continuous discourse
Usually face to face
Example; student delivering a report to class

2. PUBLIC SPEAKING SKILLS
Social, academic, career skill
Enrich ability to present self
Improve confidence and self assurance
Understand human motivation
ability to analyze and evaluate validity
Remember “all the great speakers were bad speakers at first” Emerson

3. DEVELOP COMMUNICATION ABILITIES
Explain complex concepts clearly
Organize a variety of messages for clarity and persuasiveness
Develop logical, emotional & ethical appeals to support an argument
Communicate credibly
Improve listening & delivery skills

4. 1. SELECT TOPIC & PURPOSE Worthwhile topic, you are interested in
Interesting to audience
Appropriate
Brainstorm ideas
Limit your topic; (don’t try & cover too much, divide topic into significant parts).
Define your purpose (inform, persuade)

5. 2. ANALYZE AUDIENCE Who are they? What do they already know?
What would they want to know more about?
What are their attitudes & beliefs?
Where do they stand on the issues?
Consider;
Age, culture, gender, occupation, income, status, religion, religiousness

6. AUDIENCE PSYCHOLOGY Secure their attention
Show respect for audience knowledge
Relate topic & supporting materials to what audience needs & wants
Connect your purpose to their purpose & motives
Involve audience by showing them you understand their perspective

7. AUDIENCE PSYCHOLOGY Build on commonalities Strive for small gains
Don’t talk down to audience
Don’t confuse lack of knowledge with a lack of intelligence
Explain any technical terms

8. 3. FORMULATE THESIS Thesis (main idea you want to convey)
Thesis is similar to purpose
Guides you in selecting & organizing materials
Thesis is a description
Purpose is to inform
Eg thesis statement
Education is valuable because:
It helps you get a job
It increases potential to earn good salary
Gives you greater job mobility
Helps secure more creative work

9. 4. RESEARCH TOPIC Research is essential Read general source
Databases (info contained in one place)
Internet
Newspaper articles
Library
Journals

10. 5. SUPPORT MAJOR PROPOSITIONS
You identified thesis and major ideas & researched them
Now support your major propositions with:
Reasoning
General principles
Analogy
logic

11. 6. ORGANIZE SPEECH
Organize into major parts so audience will understand & remember
Time pattern
Spatial pattern
Topical pattern
Problem-solution pattern

12. ORGANIZING Cause-effect/effect-cause pattern Motivated sequence
Structure-function
Comparison & contrast
Pro’s and Con’s
Claim & proof

13. SPEAKER ETHICS Truth; present the truth as you understand it
Knowledge; responsibility to be prepared, don’t misinform
Audience centered
Preparation; speaker is prepared
Presents facts and opinions fairly
Reveals sources of facts & opinions
Acknowledge & respect opposing arguments & evidence

14. 7. HOW TO WORD YOUR SPEECH
Compared with written style, oral style uses shorter, simpler words
Clarity, economical, clear
Vivid (imagery, metaphor)
Appropriateness
Avoid slang
Involve audience

15. 8. CONSTRUCT CONCLUSION & INTRODUCTION
Construct conclusion first
Restate thesis & its importance
Post a challenge
Use an intoduction; gain attention, orient the audience
Transition between topics

16. REHEARSE & TIME SPEECH Prepare and practice thoroughly Gain experience
Breathe deeply
Put your apprehension in perspective

17. 10. DELIVER SPEECH Can use; Manuscript Outline Speak loudly enough
Don’t speak too fast
Avoid “um” type words
Look at audience

18. CRITICALLY EVALUATE Specific Objective Limit criticism (1-2 points)
Be constructive
Focus on behavior
Own your own criticism
Be culturally sensitive