1. Analytical Analysis in Chemical Process Control
Instrumentation and control
Analytical Analysis in Chemical Process Control
Dr. –Ing. Naveed Ramzan
Department of Chemical Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore Pakistan
25. März 2017 / Dr. –Ing Naveed Ramzan
25. März 2017 / Dr. –Ing Naveed Ramzan

2. Purpose of Measuring Physical Properties - Control Product Quality
Introduction
Purpose of Measuring Physical Properties
- Control Product Quality
- Maintain Safe Operation
- Process Optimization

3. Instruments for measurement of: Composition pH Viscosity
Outline
Instruments for measurement of:
Composition pH
Viscosity
Optical properties

4. Composition Measurement: Analyzers in the Process Industry
Reactor Control
Environmental Monitoring
Product Compositions
Purpose
Control of chemical
processes
Requirements
Low Maintenance
Simplicity
“Ruggedness”
Few or no moving parts

5. Challenges in Analyzer Design
Exposure to corrosive environments
Must withstand non-ideal concentrations of secondary components
Maintenance only once every few months
Reliability is key

6. Classification of Process Analyzers
Nonspecific
(Inexpensive)
Specific
(Costly)
Liquid
Liquid
Gas
Gas
Thermal
Conductivity
Electrical
Conductivity
Gas
Chromatography
IR/UV-VIS
Spectroscopy

7. Sampling Systems Sample Sample Conditioning Analyzer Extraction
Process
Stream
Sample
Return

8. In-line sampling On-line sampling Direct sampling in process line
Sampling Systems
In-line sampling
Direct sampling in process line
Advantage: no sampling delay
Disadvantage: measurement affected by temperature and pressure variations
On-line sampling
Extract sample continuously and send to instrument
Advantage: control of temperature, pressure
Disadvantage: time lag before measurement

9. CHROMATOGRAPHY
Chromatography basically involves the separation of mixtures due to differences in the distribution coefficient (equilibrium distribution) of sample components between 2 different phases. One of these phases is a mobile phase and the other is a stationary phase.

10. Concentration of component A in stationary phase
Distribution Coefficient (Equilibrium Distribution )
Definition:
Different affinity of these 2 components to stationary phase causes the separation.
Concentration of component A in stationary phase
Concentration of component A in mobile phase

11. Kinds of Chromatography
1. Liquid Column Chromatography
2. Gas Liquid Chromatography
3. Thin-layer Chromatography

12. LIQUID COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY
A sample mixture is passed through a column packed with solid particles which may or may not be coated with another liquid.
With the proper solvents, packing conditions, some components in the sample will travel the column more slowly than others resulting in the desired separation.

13. Diagram of Simple Liquid Column Chromatography

14. FOUR BASIC LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
The 4 basic liquid chromatography modes are named according to the mechanism involved:
 1. Liquid/Solid Chromatography (adsorption chromatography)
A. Normal Phase LSC
B. Reverse Phase LSC
 2. Liquid/Liquid Chromatography (partition chromatography)
A. Normal Phase LLC
B. Reverse Phase LLC
 3. Ion Exchange Chromatography
 4. Gel Permeation Chromatography (exclusion chromatography)

15. Types of Chromatography

16. Schematic Diagram of Liquid Chromatography

17. High Performance Liquid Chromatography

18. High Performance Liquid Chromatography

19. Chromatogram of Organic Compounds from Fermented Cabbage

20. Chromatogram of Orange Juice Compounds

21. ??? Questions 25. März 2017 / Dr. –Ing Naveed Ramzan 21