1. Water cooperation is key to poverty reduction, social equity and gender equality One challenge: “business as usual” is counter-productive to reducing poverty and inequalities One solution: effective management in the sector One action: Integrated package including: – stop the fragmentation in the sector, – while ensuring rights, defining responsibilities, – unleashing human capacities – with improved transparency and accountability

2. Water cooperation creates socio-economic benefits One challenge: Tension of the intergenerational challenge; invest now under uncertainties for benefits in the future. One solution: Understanding each other’s needs and responsibilities to overcome barriers to trust One action: Invest in joint fact finding and valuation of benefits

3. Water cooperation helps preserve water resources and protect the environment One challenge: Ensure that the water cycle delivers the ecosystems services people need : sufficient clean water for all uses and users, including food security, energy and growing urban demands, and reducing risks from extreme events such as floods and droughts One solution: Develop a shared benefits approach on a basin scale, taking opportunities to integrate ecosystem services into water resources management; Reduce pollution@source, Reuse and Recycle (3Rs); decentralise governance and action to appropriate local levels (such as deltas), and bring stakeholders together. One action: Build platforms for sustainable dialogue and negotiation, trust, transparency, skills development and knowledge sharing. Develop law enforcement and regulatory frameworks. Value and invest in nature as part of water infrastructure; show successful examples of private sector cooperation from multinationals down to SMEs.

4. Water cooperation builds peace One challenge: MISUNDERSTANDINGS One solution: JOINT CAPACITY BUILDING FOR KNOWLEDGE SHARING, INCLUDING THE YOUTH AND POLITICIANS One action: REHABILITATION OF THE JORDAN AND THE GANGES, HOLY TO HALF OF HUMANITY