2. System Development Project A project is a series of activities directed towards accomplishment of a desired objective. A project is a temporary endeavour undertaken to create a "unique product or service

3. Network analysis Network analysis is the general name given to certain specific techniques, which can be used for the planning, management and control of projects. CPM, PERT are the two most used techniques. Plan your work first…..then work your plan

4. History PERT was developed by the US Navy for the planning and control of the Polaris missile program and the emphasis was on completing the program in the shortest possible time. In addition PERT had the ability to cope with uncertain activity completion times (e.g. for a particular activity the most likely completion time is 4 weeks but it could be anywhere between 3 weeks and 8 weeks). CPM was developed by Du Pont and the emphasis was on the trade-off between the cost of the project and its overall completion time (e.g. for certain activities it may be possible to decrease their completion times by spending more money - how does this affect the overall completion time of the project?)

5. CPM - Critical Path Method Uses Deterministic activity times used in: Production management - for the jobs that are of repetitive nature, where the activity time estimates can be predicted with considerable certainty due to the existence of past experience. PERT - Project Evaluation & Review Techniques Uses Probabilistic activity times used in : Project management - for non-repetitive jobs (information system development work), where the time and cost estimates tend to be quite uncertain. This technique uses probabilistic time estimates.

6. CPM/PERT o Use networks, that contain nodes and activities o Over time CPM and PERT became one technique o Networks indicate precedence relationships o Can be used effectively in case of large projects

8. The Project Network Use of nodes and arrows Arrows Indicate ACTIVITY, a time consuming effort that is required to perform a part of the work. An arrow leads from tail to head directionally Nodes A node is represented by a circle - Indicate EVENT or STATE, a point in time where one or more activities start and/or finish.

9. PERT/ CPM ActivityTime(week)activitytime 1-245-64 1- 315 -78 2- 416- 81 3- 417- 82 3- 568- 9 1 4 -958- 108 9- 107

10. PERT/ CPM PERT network 1 2 3 4 1 4 5 6 8 7 9 10 1 11 1 1 6161 4 1 1 2121 8181 8181 7171 E1=0 E2=4 E3=1 E4=5 E5=7 E6=11 E7=15 E8=17 E9=18 E10=25 L10L L10 =25 L9 =18 L8=17 L7 =15 L6=16 L5= 7 L4 = 13 L3=1 L2 =12 L1 =0

11. PERT /CPM Activitytime (week)activitytime 1-224- 74 1- 325- 82 1- 426- 84 2- 547- 95 3- 658- 93 3- 789 -104

12. Network 1 2 3 5 6 4 8 7 910 2 5 4 2 34 8 5 2 2 4 4

13. PERT/ CPM Actv1-21-31-42-52-63-64-75-76-7 T(o)5182616156773 T(p)1022402025121295 T(m)82033182091084 Times are in days T(o)= Optimistic time T(p)= pessimistic time T(m) = most likely time Expected time T(e)={T(o)+4T(m)+T(p)}/ 6 T(e)= 7.82033182099.884