1. Kingdom: Fungi Domain Eukarya 2007-2008 Domain Eubacteria Archaea
Common ancestor

2. General characteristics
Classification criteria
eukaryotes
heterotrophs
feed by absorption
mostly multicellular
except unicellular yeasts
cell wall
sexual & asexual reproduction
So that’s 3 times cell walls have evolved:
bacteria, fungi, plants

3. Fungal Structure Fungal body Cells Cell wall mycelium multiple nuclei
thread-like cells
hyphae
Cells
multiple nuclei
Cell wall
chitin
polysaccharide + N
just like crab shells

4. Aaaaah, structure–function relationship!
Internal structure
chitin cell wall
septum
Eukaryotic cells
long, thread-like cells
filamentous
incomplete divisions between cells
septum
multiple nuclei
pore
nuclei
Aaaaah, structure–function relationship!

5. Fungi live IN their food! It’s like you living in Chocolate cake!
Modes of Nutrition
Heterotrophic
secrete digestive enzymes
feed by absorption
parasites
feeding on living creatures
predators
paralyzing prey
decomposers
breakdown dead remains
plant cell
fungal hypha
plant cell membrane
plant cell wall
Fungi live IN their food!
It’s like you living in Chocolate cake!

6. Fungal Diversity Zygomycota Ascomycota Chytridiomycota Basidiomycota
Fungi

7. Lichens are fungi that have discovered agriculture!
Ecological Roles
Decomposers
recycle nutrients
Symbiotic Relationships
lichen
fungi + algae
cyanobacteria or green algae
pioneer species in ecosystems
makes soil from bare rock
mycorrhizae
fungi + plants
live in & amongst plant roots
enables plants to absorb more water & nutrients
Lichens grow in the leftover spots of the natural world that are too harsh or limited for most other organisms. They are pioneers on bare rock, desert sand, cleared soil , dead wood, animal bones, rusty metal, and living bark. Able to shut down metabolically during periods of unfavorable conditions, they can survive extremes of heat, cold, and drought.
As adaptations for life in marginal habitats, lichens produce an arsenal of more than 500 unique biochemical compounds that serve to control light exposure, repel herbivores, kill attacking microbes, and discourage competition from plants. Among these are many pigments and antibiotics that have made lichens very useful to people in traditional societies.
Lichens are fungi that have discovered agriculture!

8. Mycorrhizae Critical role in plant growth
extends water & nutrient absorption of roots
without mycorrhizae
with mycorrhizae
Endomycorrhiza
Ectomycorrhiza

9. Reproduction Asexual Sexual budding in yeast spores
spread by wind
joining of + & – haploid spores
haploid spores

10. Adult female meiosis male mitosis & maturation haploid (n) diploid 2n
Gametes
egg
sperm
adult male
(diploid) 2n
adult female
(diploid) 2n
Offspring
germ-
line
cells
fertilization
MITOSIS
mitosis & development
MEIOSIS
MEIOSIS
Zygote 2n n
Egg
(haploid) n
Sperm
(haploid) n
germ-line
cells
somatic
cells
FERTILIZATION
MITOSIS
zygote
(diploid) 2n

11. Zygomycete (Bread Mold) Life Cycle
spores (haploid)
mating strain
hypha
sporangium
MEIOSIS
mating strain
(2n) diploid
(n) haploid
FUSION of
+ and – gametangia

12. Basidiomycete Life Cycle
gills lined
with basidia
fruiting body
basidium
(n + n) dikaryotic
2n (diploid)
(n) haploid
zygote
strain
MEIOSIS
spores
FUSION of
and
hyphae
strain

13. Fairy Rings

14. The FIRST Antibiotics